Estudo da ocorrência de enteroparasitas em hortaliças comercializadas na região metropolitana de São Paulo - SP, Brasil: II - Pesquisa de protozoários intestinais

Abstract

Vegetables in nature, commercially traded in the metropolitan area of S. Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed by means of the appropriate methodology with a view to discovering and identifying protozoan cysts of medical interest. The vegetables under study consisted of 50 samples of each of the varieties listed below: lettuce (Lactuca sativa)-oily leaves and crisp-head varieties, endive (Chicorium sp) and watercress (Nasturtium officinale). Results showed high rates of contamination in all the varieties of vegetable analysed. However, the watercress was the one which presented the highest frequencies of enteroparasites. Both the oily leaves and crisp-head varieties of lettuce presented the lowest rates of contamination, whereas endive presented values ranking, in general, between those of the lettuce and those of the watercress. A great variety of those protozoans which occur frequently in the population resident in the metropolitan area of S. Paulo were observed in the samples, the most frequent being Entamoeba sp (with 4 and 8 nuclei) and Giardia sp. Cysts of Iodamoeba sp, Endolimax sp and Chilomastix sp were also recovered from the samples, thus corroborating the occurrence of high rates of fecal contamination. The significance of these kinds of food in the transmission of protozoans is discussed in the light of the results obtained.

Effectiveness of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts detection and enumeration methods in water and milk samples

“…The average number of oocysts was determined before inoculation of the samples and after three replicates according to Kaucner and Stinear (1998), and a suspension (0.5µl) was directly analyzed (LeChevallier et al, 1995) by the Kinyoun methodology (Brasil, 1996). Oocyst counting was made by light microscopy using magnification 40× (Oliveira and Germano, 1992).…”

“…Oocyst detection and enumeration were carried out according to Oliveira and Germano (1992). In addition, the total number of oocysts and the percentage recovered were calculated by the equations described by Oliveira and Germano (1992) and Deng and Cliver (1999): [(oocysts counted in the field × volume of the sample/volume analyzed)/oocysts inoculated] × 100 of sample.…”

Contaminação Por Enteroparasitos Em Verduras De Supermercados E Feiras De Umuarama - Pr1

“…Oliveira e Germano (1992a, 1992b avaliaram 200 amostras, e encontraram 100% de positividade para algum tipo de parasito, resultado similar ao de Guimarães et al (2003), que encontraram 100% das 120 amostras avaliadas positivas para estágios parasitários. Os resultados destes autores contrastam com os obtidos neste trabalho, onde foi encontrado um índice geral de contaminação de 13,5%.…”

“…Estes resultados diferem consideravelmente dos trabalhos de Oliveira e Germano (1992a, 1992b e Guimarães et al (2003) onde as taxas de contaminação foram da ordem de 100% das amostras de alface avaliadas.…”

“…Os parasitos encontrados em verduras englobam diversas espécies de protozoários e helmintos, sendo os protozoários mais frequentes, com mediana de contaminação de 14% das amostras (BARUFFALDI et al, 1984;OLIVEIRA;GERMANO, 1992b;TAKAYANAGUI et al, 2000;GUI-MARÃES et al, 2003;GARCIA et al, 2004;SANTOS et al, Contaminação por enteroparasitos... FERNANDES et al 2009;CAVALCANTE;CORREA, 2010;LOPES et al, 2012;OLIVEIRA et al, (2013), seguidos pelos platelmintos com 11% de contaminação (OLIVEIRA; GERMANO, 1992a) e nematelmintos com 7% de mediana de amostras contaminadas (BARUFFALDI et al, 1984;OLIVEIRA;GERMANO, 1992a;TAKAYANAGUI et al, 2000;GUIMARÃES et al, 2003;GARCIA et al, 2004;SANTOS et al, 2009;LOPES et al, 2012;OLIVEIRA et al, 2013). Entre os nematelmintos, ovos e larvas de ancilostomídeos são os mais frequentemente encontrados, com variação de 8,5% (TAKAYANAGUI et al, 2000) a até 40% (SANTOS et al, 2009).…”