Validation of the comprehensiveness of an instrument on ethical problems in primary care

Abstract

The study aimed to validate the comprehensiveness of an instrument on the occurrence of ethical problems in primary health care and discuss their results. This is a methodological research. The technique used was Delphi, which seeks to obtain a consensus on a subject by experts, using structured questionnaires that are modified to obtain consensus on the comprehensibility of content. The sample was composed by nine professionals with expertise in primary health care in São Leopoldo. Data collection was in March and April 2011. In the first round, the professional was asked to respond whether the described situation has represented an ethical problem, whether the statement was clear and whether there was any suggestion to rewriting the problem. Were presented thirtysix statements, and to twenty was suggested new rewrite. After the review and systematization the proposed amendments, has begun the second round to seek consensus among all the statements that its writing had changed. In the second round, the consensus required by the method was obtained. Using the method supported significantly to build the instrument in its initial stage, what makes it appropriated and comprehensive for the subsequent steps of the validation.

Elements and Strategies for Ethical Decision-Making in Nursing

“…21 Six studies were conducted in the hospital context, [12][13]15,[19][20]24 one with nurses of primary healthcare, pediatrics, adult health and obstetrics 14 and one only with nurses of primary healthcare. 17 The study participants were supervisors nurses, 1-2,15 nurses, 3,5,9 …”

“…20,[22][23] Five studies were performed in the United States, 1,14,[22][23]28 three in the UK, 20,[25][26] two in Australia, 15,19 14 and one only with nurses of primary healthcare. 17 The study participants were supervisors nurses, [1][2]15 nurses, 3,5,9 nurses and students, 15,18 healthcare professionals 17,19 and nursing managers. 27 The majority of the authors (95%) were university professors.…”

“…This is because, for such problems, there is not only one solution, but several courses able to lead these professionals to a solution, which requires the exercise of ethical deliberation. 5 Solving these problems requires permanent creativity, as the answer has to be far-reaching, in order to obtain an increasingly better health practice. 4 Conversely, ethical dilemmas are understood as situations in which the solution is reduced to two extreme and opposed options, two conflicting situations.…”

Elaboração e validação de um manual informativo sobre cateterismo cardíaco

“…Similar results were identified in other studies showing validation of a manual after two to four rounds by using the Delphi technique. (9,20) Nurses made important modifications to the content. The content with more suggestions was the duration of bed rest after cardiac catheterization.…”

Adaptação do inventário de problemas éticos para o contexto da saúde da criança

“…This tool was theoretically based on Diego Garcia's deliberative bioethics and constructed through interviews with physicians and nurses, aiming to identify the EP the professionals experienced, with a view to improving the quality of care delivered at that care level. (7) The IPE-APS is multidimensional and the following evidence of validity and reliability has been found: content validity, in a study involving 46 PHC professionals from São Paulo and 15 Bioethics experts; (4) validation of understandability, investigated in a group of nine PHC experts from São Leopoldo-RS; (7) construct validity and internal consistency in a study involving 237 PHC professionals from Porto Alegre-RS; (8) besides a cross-cultural adaptation in the city of Porto-Portugal. (9) Thus, considering: the lack of instruments to identify ethical problems experienced in child health care in PHC in the investigated databases (Portal Capes, Pubmed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Cinahl); the availability of the IPE-APS, formulated in and for the reality of the Unified Health System (SUS) (8) and the need to offer a measure of ethical issues associated with the child age range, we decided to adapt the IPE-APS to the CH context.…”