Parental support in sports development of Brazilian gymnasts participants in the Olympic Games (1980-2004)

Abstract

e sports development is in uenced by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, talent, infrastructure, cultural traditions, government support, quali cations of the trainers, coach education, physical training system, the support of a multidisciplinary team and family support. It is possible to a rm that, within the childhood and youth sports context, coaches, parents, siblings, peers and even team managers form a multifaceted and complex social network that wields positive and negative in uence over the experience of young athletes 1 . Di erent authors agree over the importance of parental support in the development of athletes, even when the achievement of high level sports performance is concerned [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . According to K and C 4 , the scienti c literature increasingly o ers evidence that not only do parents' socialization activities in their children's athletic life have an impact in the athlete's initial level, but they also dictate beforehand the choices of permanence in sports in the future. J and T -K 1 highlight that the time and e ort young athletes are capable of dedicating to training and competition are dependent on the material and emotional support o ered by parents and coaches. More specifically within Artistic Gymnastics, the in uence of the family is widely discussed and emphasized since it is a sport developed since early childhood, something that also happens with other sports such as Swimming, Tennis and Figure Skating . According to N and O 7 , "[…] children depend on the parents to transport them to practices, to encourage a correct diet, to give emotional support, to cover costs of training, among other factors" (p.6).In addition, the parents' opinion regarding trainers or even the methods used in the process of athletic improvement may increase or decrease the distance between coach and athlete, which can be conducive to respectful and trustworthy AbstractSports development involves important aspects that collaborate towards the achievement of a high level sports performance. Parental support is one such fact to be considered in Long Term Athlete Development (LTAD), capable of benefi ting or harming athletes if not adequately administered. This study registers and discusses the importance of parental support in female Artistic Gymnastics, from the perspective of Brazilian gymnasts who have participated in the Olympic Games. The method used was Oral History with the technique known as oral testimony. The participants of the study were the ten Brazilian gymnasts who represented Brazil in the Olympic Games from when the country fi rst participated in this championship, in 1980, up to the best Brazilian classifi cation in Athens (2004), totaling ten gymnasts (a sample comprising 100% or the research universe). Testimony analysis was conducted through crossanalysis. The study shows unanimity among the gymnasts in regards to the importance of parental support in the sports development process. In addition to reinforcing the results found in the literature, the testimo...

Family Involvement in the Process of Women’s Basketball Sports Development

“…In addition, it is recognized, in regard to family orientation, especially from parents, that it is of fundamental importance that the latter are aware of their actions and attitudes, because at the same time that their participation can help, it can also hamper the sports development of young athletes. Although in most cases parents have positive intentions, certain attitudes can often lead to excessive consequences and overwhelming demands that will leave negative marks on the future of their children's sports career 25 .…”

“…In this scenario, it is worth noting that in recent years research on the development of expertise has addressed family involvement, support from parents and coaches and also the influence of the environment on the future expert athlete's formation 6,15 . In this sense, some investigations in Brazil 9,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and abroad 5,10,13,[27][28][29] stand out presenting information about parental involvement in sports career, especially of professional and elite athletes.…”

Apoyo de los padres en la gimnasia artística masculina: (Parental support in men's artistic gymnastics:)

“…Por isso, na ginástica artística (GA) o apoio dos pais é ainda mais importante para a formação de atletas de elite, afinal, trata-se de uma prática esportiva de início precoce (Nunomura et al, 2010;Pinheiro et al, 2014). Com isso, as famílias passam a ter papel fundamental para que as crianças e adolescentes possam se manter treinando, pois há uma dependência maior dos pais para o transporte, a alimentação e o suporte emocional (Costa et al, 2021;Nunomura & Oliveira, 2013Schiavon & Soares, 2016).…”

An Evaluation of Swimming Coaching Programs

“…Development of sport has to do with the collaboration of some important components of sports towards achieving a high-level performance in such sport. Parental support is one of the important components of sport that could be classified under the Long Term Athlete Development, which is capable of benefiting or harming athletes if not adequately administered [14].…”