<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><em><strong>Background</strong>: Stunting in children is one of public health problem in Indonesia. Stunting is a serious problem because it is linked with the quality of human capital in future. </em></p><p><em><strong>Objectives</strong>: To determine the association between exclusive breastfeeding practice and stunting in young children 6 – 23 months in Indonesia.</em></p><p><em><strong>Methods</strong>: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data was obtained from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013. Riskesdas 2013 used multistage cluster sampling. Subject in this study was 6.956 young children 6 – 23 months in Indonesia which was selected purposively. Data was analyzed by using descriptive analysis, chi-square, and multiple logistic regression by adjusting the sampling weight for survey analysis.</em></p><p><em><strong>Results</strong>: Exclusive breastfeeding was protective against stunting, but the result was not significant both for exclusive breastfeeding >6 months (OR=0,99, 95% CI: 0,63–1,59) and exclusive breastfeeding 4-<6 bulan (OR=0,93, 95% CI: 0,63–1,39). Young children with low birth weight history had higher risk to become stunting (OR=1,77, 95% CI: 1,33–2,37). Household economic status which were very poor (OR=1,96, CI: 1,53–2,52), poor (OR=1,62, 95% CI:1,30–2,03) and middle (OR=1,32, 95% CI: 1,06–1,64) were also associated with the risk of stunting.</em></p><p><em><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Exclusive breastfeeding is not the only factor contributing to stunting in children. Optimal complementary feeding practice should also be the focus of intervention. Improvement in nutritional status since the preconception and during the pregnancy, and household economy status may reduce stunting problem in children.</em></p><p><strong>KEYWORDS</strong>: <em>stunting, exclusive breastfeeding, feeding practice, growth</em></p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><strong></strong><em><strong>Latar belakang</strong>: Stunting pada anak-anak merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di Indonesia. Stunting menjadi masalah yang serius karena dikaitkan dengan kualitas sumber daya manusia di kemudian hari.</em></p><p><em><strong>Tujuan</strong>: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif dan stunting pada anak usia 6 – 23 bulan di Indonesia.</em></p><p><em><strong>Metode</strong>: Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Data didapatkan dari hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) 2013. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada Riskesdas 2013 adalah multistage cluster sampling. Subjek pada penelitian ini berjumlah 6.956 anak usia 6 – 23 bulan di Indonesia yang dipilih secara purposive. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif, chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda dengan mempertimbangkan sampling weight untuk analisis survei.</em></p><p><em><strong>Hasil</strong>: ASI eksklusif bersifat protektif terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak, namun hasilnya tidak signifikan, baik untuk ASI eksklusif >6 bulan (OR=0,99, 95% CI 0,63–1,59) maupun ASI eksklusif 4-<6 bulan OR=0,93, 95% CI: 0,63–1,39). Anak yang lahir dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk menjadi anak yang stunting (OR=1,77, 95% CI: 1,33–2,37). Status ekonomi rumah tangga sangat miskin (OR=1,96, 95% CI: 1,53–2,52), miskin (OR=1,62, 95% CI: 1,30–2,03) dan</em><br /><em>menengah (OR=1,32, 95% CI: 1,06–1,64) masing-masing berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan risiko stunting pada anak.</em></p><p><em><strong>Kesimpulan</strong>: ASI eksklusif bukanlah satu-satunya faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting pada anak. Pemberian MPASI yang optimal juga harus diperhatikan. Perbaikan status gizi sejak masa prekonsepsi dan selama kehamilan, serta status ekonomi rumah tangga diharapkan mampu menurunkan kejadian stunting pada anak.</em></p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI</strong><em>: stunting, ASI eksklusif, praktik makan, pertumbuhan</em></p>
Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is responsible for a substantial amount of early deaths, reduced quality of life and significant costs to the health and social care system. More than 3/4 CHD cases can prevented by lifestyle changes and focus on earlier risk factors management. Physical activity become a reference for the most important of primary and secondary prevention.Objective: To determine the relationship between physical activity and coronary heart disease in Indonesia.Method: This study used a cross-sectional design. Coronary heart disease’s history, physical activity, age, sex, economic status and consumption of fatty food were obtained from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013. Riskesdas 2013 used multistage cluster sampling. Subject in this study was 374.506 women and 347.823 men above 15 years old in Indonesia who answered the coronary heart disease questions which was selected purposively. Data was analyzed by using descriptive analysis, Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression.Results: Those who did not perform vigorous-intensity physical activity or who only did it less than 80 minutes per week had a higher prevalence of CHD than those who were more active [2.63 (2.44-2.86); p=0.00].Conclusion: Physical activity had a significant association with CHD events in people above 15 years old in Indonesia.
<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><em><strong>Background</strong>: Stunting reflects a process of failure to reach linear growth potential as a result of suboptimal health or nutrition conditions. One of causal factors of stunting is inadequate of quality and quantity of complementary foods.</em></p><p><em><strong>Objectives</strong>: To identify complementary feeding practices such as introduction age of complementary foods, dietary diversity, and meal frequency as risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Sedayu Subdistrict, Bantul, Yogyakarta.</em></p><p><em><strong>Methods</strong>: Study design was case-control with ratio (1:1). The study used both quantitative methods as well as case control design and qualitative through interview. Cases were children aged 6-23 months who had length for age z-score <-2SD. Controls were children aged 6-23 months who had length for age z-score ≥-2SD who live adjacent to the case. Data were analyzed by using univariable (descriptive), bivariable (chi-square test), and multivariable analysis (multiple logistic regression).</em></p><p><em><strong>Results</strong>: The result of bivariate analysis showed that introduction age of complementary foods (OR=1.07), dietary diversity (OR=1.17), and meal frequency (OR=1.69) were not risk factors of stunting. However, compared with high dietary diversity score, low dietary diversity score (≤2, 3, 4 food groups) associated with increased odds of being stunted among children aged 6-23 months (OR=2.24, 95% CI:1.00-5.01, OR=1.82, 95% CI:0.96-3.45, OR=1.66, 95% CI:0.81-3.46 respectively). The result of multivariate analysis showed that mother’s height (OR=1.86) and story of low birth weight (OR=3.23) were risk factors of stunting.</em></p><p><em><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Complementary feeding practices such as age introduction of complementary foods, dietary diversity, and meal frequency were not risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-23 months. Mother’s height and story of low birth weight were risk factors of stunting among children aged 6-23 months.</em></p><p><strong>KEYWORDS</strong>:<em> stunting, nutritional intake, nutritional status, complementary foods</em></p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><em><strong>Latar belakang</strong>: Stunting merefleksikan kegagalan proses mencapai potensi pertumbuhan linear sebagai akibat dari kondisi kesehatan dan gizi yang tidak optimal. Salah satu penyebab kejadian stunting adalah kuantitas dan kualitas MP-ASI yang rendah.</em></p><p><em><strong>Tujuan</strong>: Untuk mengidentifikasi risiko praktik pemberian MP-ASI seperti usia pengenalan MP-ASI, keragaman MP-ASI, dan frekuensi MP-ASI dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Kecamatan Sedayu, Bantul, Yogyakarta.</em></p><p><em><strong>Metode</strong>: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah kasus-kontrol dengan perbandingan 1:1 dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif-kualitatif model concurrent embedded. Kasus adalah anak usia 6-23 bulan yang memiliki skor-z PB/U <-2SD. Kontrol adalah anak usia 6-23 bulan yang memiliki skor-z PB/U ≥-2SD yang tinggal berdekatan dengan kelompok kasus. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat (deskriptif), bivariat (uji chi-square) dan multivariat (uji regresi logistik berganda).</em></p><p><em><strong>Hasil</strong>: Analisis bivariat menunjukkan usia pengenalan MP-ASI (OR=1,07), keragaman MP-ASI (OR=1,17), dan frekuensi pemberian MP-ASI (OR=1,69) bukan faktor risiko kejadian stunting (p>0,05). Skor keragaman MP-ASI yang lebih rendah (kelompok makanan ≤2, 3, 4) berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko kejadian stunting berturut-turut OR=2,24, 95% CI:1,00-5,01; OR=1,82, 95% CI:0,96-3,45; OR=1,66, 95% CI:0,81-3,46. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor risiko kejadian stunting adalah tinggi badan ibu (OR=1,86) dan riwayat berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) (OR=3,23,).</em></p><p><em><strong>Kesimpulan</strong>: Praktik pemberian MP-ASI seperti usia pengenalan, keragaman, dan frekuensi pemberian MP-ASI bukan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan. Faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan yang bermakna adalah tinggi badan ibu dan riwayat BBLR.</em></p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI</strong><em>: stunting, asupan makan, status gizi, MP-ASI</em></p>
Background: Occupational health and safety was a thought and effort to ensure the integrity and perfection of both body and spirit. PT Katingan Indah Utama was a company Domestic Investment (DCI), which was engaged in oil palm plantations and management. Problems on PT. Katingan Indah Utama was the implementation of occupational safety and health that had basically been performed well but not maximum, especially in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for workers at the production line. This study aimed at identifying the relationship between knowledge, attitude and motivation with the behavior of using self- protective equipment at production workers in PT. Katingan Indah Utama, Kotawaringin Timur, Central Kalimantan province.Methods: This was an observational analytic study with cross sectional approach. The sample of this study was all production workers of PT. Katingan Indah Utama, in the amount of 70 workers. Analysis of data used univariate, bivariat with statistical test of Chi-Square and multivariate analysis with logistics regression.Results: The results of the study showed no correlation between knowledge (p = 0.004) and the behavior of the use of self-protective equipment, there was a relationship between attitudes (p = 0.031) and the behavior of the use of self-protective equipment and there was a relationship between motivation (p = 0.022) and the behavior of using self- protective equipment. Multivariate analysis showed that variable of knowledge was the dominant variable related to the behavior of of self-protective equipment at the production workers of PT . Katingan Indah Utama with p value ( 0.002). Conclusion: There was a correlation relationship between knowledge, attitude and motivation with the behavior of using self-protective equipment at the production workers of PT. Katingan Indah Utama, East Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan Province and variable of knowledge was the dominant variable related to the behavior of of self-protective equipment at the production workers of PT . Katingan Indah Utama, East Kotawaringin, Central Kalimantan Province.
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