Plant resource utilization in backyard areas in a rural community located around the Sete Cidades NationalPark, Piauí, Northeast Brazil. Agroforestry systems consist of traditional practices of land use with the main purposes of cultivating plant species for subsistence purposes and increasing household income. This study was conducted in the Community of Cachoeira in the Municipality of Brasileira, Piauí State, Brazil, and aimed to identify the knowledge and use of plant species grown in rural homegardens and characterize the dynamics of this practice in these spaces. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with breadwinners who work in the maintenance of these yards (17 maintainers). The semi-structured questionnaire addressed questions on socioeconomic and specific issues related to homegardens, such as regarding the species found in the area, use purposes, form of maintenance, and size of the homegarden. The use value (UV) of the species was calculated to list the local importance of the plants according to informants. Sixty-two plants were recorded, among which, it was possible to identify 51 species, 46 genera and 29 families. The results showed there are sociocultural relationships between the people and the plants in the study area, involving the knowledge and use of plant species, economic aspects, resulting in the sale of surplus resources, both plants and animals raised in these areas; and ecological aspects, comprising the cultivation and management of native and/or exotic species. The data presented here may be used for conservation strategies and sustainability of plant resources.