“…Root-knot nematode (RKN) ( Meloidogyne spp.) disease is an important crop disease that has become one of the main factors limiting sustainable crop production ( Gorny et al, 2019 ; Hemmati and Saeedizadeh, 2020 ). RKN infects plant roots and forms nodules, which hinder the absorption of nutrients and water by the roots, leading to wilting and withering; in addition, RKN infection reduces plant resistance, causes wounds, is conducive to infection by other pathogens, and often causes complex diseases ( EFSA Panel on Plant Health et al, 2018 ; Khan and Ahamad, 2020 ), such as Fusarium wilt, root rot, and bacterial diseases ( Khan and Ahamad, 2020 ; Leonetti and Molinari, 2020 ).…”