Influência da matéria orgânica e do ambiente no crescimento e acúmulo de solutos em Morinda citrifolia submetida à salinidade

Abstract

RESUMO -O Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) é uma planta tolerante aos efeitos salinos e alcalinos dos solos e desenvolve-se em regiões de clima seco ou úmido. Apesar da adaptabilidade intercontinental, ainda são poucas as informações sobre sua tolerância aos sais no solo brasileiro. Baseado no exposto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar os efeitos da água salina no crescimento inicial do Noni. Para isso, foi conduzido um experimento em vasos de polietileno com capacidade para 20 L, em Sobral, Ceará. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, disposto no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com 5 repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelos ambientes de cultivo (céu aberto e telado), as subparcelas pelos níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (CEa: 0,3;1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m -1 ) e as subsubparcelas foram representadas pela ausência e presença de matéria orgânica. Aos 110 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT), avaliaram-se: altura, massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), da raiz (MSR), total (MST) e área foliar (AF), e aos 90 (DAT) os teores foliares de solutos orgânicos. Todas as variáveis de crescimento estudadas foram afetadas negativamente pela salinidade, sendo que o efeito observado a céu aberto foi mais expressivo do que no ambiente telado. A matéria orgânica não teve efeito atenuante sobre os efeitos deletérios da salinidade em plantas de noni. O acúmulo de prolina mostrou-se um sinalizador de dano causado pelo estresse, visto que os maiores acúmulos ocorreram nas plantas que sofreram maiores reduções no crescimento. Termos para indexação: Noni, massa seca, carboidrato, compostos orgânicos. INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC MATTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN GROWTH AND IN SOLUTE ACCUMULATION IN Morinda citrifolia SUBMITTED TO SALINITYABSTRACT -Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is a plant tolerant to the effects of saline and alkaline soils and grows in dry or moist climates. Despite the intercontinental adaptability, in Brazil there is little information about its tolerance to soil salinity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of saline water on the growth of Noni. For this an experiment was conducted in polyethylene pots with a capacity of 20 L, in Sobral, Ceará. The statistical design was a randomized block design arranged in split plot scheme, with 5 repetitions. The plots consisted of the cultivation environments (open sky and greenhouse), the subplots by salinity levels of irrigation water (ECw: 0.3, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m -1 ), and the subsubplots were represented by the absence and presence of organic matter. At 110 days after treatment (DAT), the following variables were evaluated: height, shoot dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), total dry mass (TDM) and leaf area (LA) and at 90 DAT organic solutes in the leaf. All variables were negatively affected by salinity and the effect observed in the open environment was more intense than under greenhouse conditions. The organic matter had no effect on mitigating the deleterious effects of salinity in plants of noni...

Saline water and organic matter in the development and quality of Licania rigida Benth. seedlings

“…This interaction situation contradicted the findings of Cavalcante et al (2007), who recorded significant effects for the interaction of irrigation water salinity x organic matter levels on the growth and production of yellow passion fruit. However, the result is in accordance with the findings of Silva et al (2008), Diniz et al (2014) and Souza et al (2014); they concluded that the isolated effects of irrigation water salinity inhibit and organic matter stimulates the growth of guava (P. guajava), oiticica (L. rigida) and noni (M. citrifolia) during the formation of seedlings.…”

“…This function is hindered when plants such as oiticica seedlings are subjected to salt stress, and this hindrance results in photosynthetic deficiency. Similar results were reported by Mendonça et al (2010), Silva et al (2011), Matos et al (2013), Freire et al (2014), Souza et al (2014) and Souto et al (2015) for eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp. ), jatropha (Jatropha curcas), passion fruit and noni seedlings under irrigation with saline water.…”

“…As in other variables, the organic compound also caused a 26.97% increase in leaf area compared to plants in the substrate without the organic input ( Figure 4B). Similar results were found by Souza et al (2014), who also reported an increase in leaf area of noni plants in a substrate with organic matter in a saline environment. The reduction of leaf area, according to Sucre and Suáres (2011), may be an adaptive mechanism or an osmotic adjustment of plants grown under saline conditions.…”

“…Organic matter is considered as important, as measured by Silva et al (2008) for guava (Psidium guava) and Souza et al (2014) for noni (Morinda citrifolia) plants irrigated with non-saline water and water with increasing salinity, ranging from 0.3 to 8 dS m -1 . Organic inputs from plants and animals increase water retention capacity, soil aggregation and reduce soil density (Mgbeze and Abu, 2010).…”

Initial growth of tree species grown on salinized soil with conditioners

“…In the recovery of these soils, products such as organic residues, calcium chloride, agricultural gypsum, sulfuric acid and elemental sulfur are considered the most efficient (Fuente et al, 2007;Zia et al, 2007;Leal et al, 2008;Gharaibeh et al, 2009;Golldack et al, 2011;Sousa et al, 2012, Sá et al, 2013Ahmad et al, 2013;Souza et al, 2014). However, the use of tree species more tolerant to salts can contribute to the recovery process of these areas (Qadir et al, 2007;Araujo et al, 2015).…”