Epidemiological aspects of HIV infection and AIDS among indigenous populations

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiological aspects of HIV infection and AIDS among indigenous peoples of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.METHODS This is a descriptive epidemiological study on the occurrence and distribution of HIV infection and AIDS in the indigenous population assisted by the Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena (Indigenous Special Health District) Mato Grosso do Sul between 2001 and 2014, based on three secondary databases. Annual rates of HIV and AIDS detection and prevalence were calculated, considering case distribution according to village, Health Base Pole and sociodemographic variables. Accumulated rates of detection, mortality and case fatality were calculated by ethnic group and for the Health Base Pole with the highest number of cases.RESULTS The HIV detection rate fluctuated between 0.0 and 18.0/100 thousand people in the study period. For AIDS, there was no notification before 2007, but in 2012 its rate reached 16.6/100 thousand. HIV prevalence grew between 2001 and 2011, and it continuously grew for AIDS starting from 2007. The highest HIV detection rates occurred among Guarani peoples (167.1/100 thousand) and for AIDS, among the Kaiowá peoples (79.3/100 thousand); mortality and fatality rates were higher among the Kaiowá. Regarding the Dourados Health Base Pole, the AIDS detection rate increased, and the mortality and fatality rates decreased.CONCLUSIONS HIV infection and AIDS have been increasing among indigenous peoples, with distribution of the disease mainly in the Health Base Poles of the southern region of the state, where greater economic and social vulnerability are also observed. The endemic character of HIV and AIDS can become epidemic in some years given the existence of cases in other villages in the state. Its occurrence among the Guarani and Kaiowá populations indicates the need for expanded diagnosis, access to treatment and prevention measures.

Factors Influencing Adherence to Anti-retroviral Therapy in Amazonian Indigenous People Living With Hiv/aids

“…This epidemiological pro le is consistent with previous research in indigenous people living with HIV, with exception of gender distribution. Previous publication about indigenous people from Bolivia, who were living with HIV reports a 5:3 relation between males and women [18] ; but ndings from other publication which reports situation in eight Amazonian ethnic groups in Brazil, shows a distribution of 60% of women affected by HIV infection [19] . On people who receives a salary, the found median income was lower than the basic salary in Peru.…”

Spatial distribution of malaria and primary healthcare in Cametá and Tucuruí, Pará state, Brazil

“…They also failed to receive adequate treatment (i.e., received an inadequate prescribed scheme or took insufficient doses), and failed to adhere to the protocols. All of these situations imply inefficient disease control in both municipalities [5,10,31].…”

“…In this scenario, the distribution of healthcare services in the urban and rural areas of the municipalities reflects the unequal access to these services and thus implies healthcare inequalities in terms of identifying and controlling Malaria in this population. These situations suggest the need to strengthen PC and implement the measures recommended by the National Malaria Control Program guidelines [4,10,31].…”

Evolução da infecção pelo HIV entre os povos indígenas do Brasil Central

“…Graeff et al 8 analisaram as características epidemiológicas das infecções de HIV e aids nas populações indígenas do Mato Grosso do Sul e observaram que não houve notificação de aids antes de 2007. Os autores destacaram ainda que a infecção pelo HIV e a aids aumentaram no período analisado.…”

“…Já a prevalência de aids passou de zero em 2006 para 26,0/100 mil em 2014. O aumento das taxas de detecção de HIV e aids no período pode estar relacionado a melhorias na capacidade de detecção e registro de casos, mas também traz questionamentos a respeito da circulação cada vez maior do vírus entre as populações indígenas do Mato Grosso do Sul nos últimos anos 8 .…”