Introduction: Malaria cases in Brazil are concentrated in the Amazon region. In the state of Pará, malaria is considered an endemic disease, and the population has different levels of exposure, which contributes to different types of occurrence in the municipalities. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and ecological study was conducted using data from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System of the municipalities of Cametá and Tucuruí, PA, Brazil, from 2014 to 2018; the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics; and the National Registry of Health Institutions of the Ministry of Health. Statistical and spatial analyses of epidemiological, laboratory and public health service coverage variables were performed using the Bioestat 5.0 and ArcGis 10.5 software. Results: 11,381 Malaria cases were reported in the two municipalities. The highest percentage of case notifications was reported in brown-skinned men aged from 19 and 59 years, and who had primary education levels. The predominant occupations were farming and livestock in Cametá and domestic activity in Tucuruí. The most common diagnostic examination used was a thick blood smear, and Plasmodium vivax was the species most often encountered. The percentage of primary care coverage increased during the study period. The spatial distribution of the disease was not homogeneous, and there were clusters of cases with different densities in Cametá and Tucuruí. Conclusions: Malaria is a public health problem in the municipalities of Cametá and Tucuruí, because of its transmission dynamics and variable spatial distribution as well as the coexistence of factors that favor the exposure of resident populations to epidemiological situations, thus reflecting health inequities.
Introduction: COVID-19 is a severe respiratory syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In Brazil the highest infection rates are associated with socially vulnerable populations. This study therefore sought to analyze the spatial distribution of the disease and its relation with geographic, socioeconomic and public health policy characteristics associated with quilombola communities in Salvaterra municipality, state of Pará, for the period of March to September, 2020. Methodology: This cross-sectional and ecological study used data from the Disease Notification System and the National Registry of Health Establishments of the Ministry of Health, the Income Transfer Registry of the Ministry of Citizenship and the 2010 census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Statistical and spatial analysis of the data was done through percentages of cases and Flow and Kernel map techniques. Results: Seventy-five notified cases of COVID-19 distributed among 7 quilombola communities in the municipality were analyzed. The epidemiological profile followed a national trend, with a higher percentage of cases among persons who were female, adults with low schooling levels, working as family farmers and with an outcome ending in recovery. The spatial distribution of the disease was not homogenous and showed clusters of cases and high incidence rates, especially in communities close to the municipal seat or to highways. Conclusions: The use of data analysis techniques was satisfactory for providing an understanding of the socioeconomic production of the disease in the areas studied. Accordingly, the need for intensifying epidemiological survey actions in the quilombola communities of the municipality is emphasized.
Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência do sobrepeso, obesidade, pressão arterial elevada e sedentarismo em crianças do 1° ao 5° ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola da rede privada. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal. Participaram do estudo 139 estudantes, com faixa etária entre 6 a 11 anos, de ambos os sexos, que estavam devidamente matriculados em uma escola da rede privada na cidade de Belém (PA) através de amostra de conveniência. Resultados: O excesso de peso foi identificado em 40 (28,8%) crianças, o sedentarismo foi identificado em 39 (28,1%) crianças, a pressão arterial elevada foi identificada em 10 (7,2%) alunos. Entre os 39 alunos sedentários encontramos 6 (60%) hipertensos, e dos 129 não hipertensos 33 (26%) são sedentários. Dos 39 alunos sedentários 12(46,2%) estão com sobrepeso e 9 (64,3%) são obesos. Conclusão: O sedentarismo pode estar correlacionado com o excesso de peso bem como a pressão arterial elevada, mostrando que crianças nestas faixas etárias, quando menos ativas fisicamente podem ter pressão arterial mais elevada e maior índice de massa corporal.
Elaborado por Maurício Amormino Júnior-CRB6/2422 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. 2019 Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais. www.atenaeditora.com.br APRESENTAÇÃO No cumprimento de suas atribuições de coordenação do Sistema Único de Saúde e de estabelecimento de políticas para garantir a integralidade na atenção à saúde, o Ministério da Saúde apresenta a Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC) no SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde), cuja implementação envolve justificativas de natureza política, técnica, econômica, social e cultural. Ao atuar nos campos da prevenção de agravos e da promoção, manutenção e recuperação da saúde baseada em modelo de humanizada e centrada na integralidade do indivíduo, a PNIPIC contribui para o fortalecimento dos princípios fundamentais do SUS. Nesse sentido, o desenvolvimento desta Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares deve ser entendido como mais um passo no processo de implantação do SUS. A inserção das práticas intregrativas e complementares, especialmente na Atenção Primária (APS), corrobora com um dos seus principais atributos, a Competência Cultural. Esse atributo consiste no reconhecimento das diferentes necessidades dos grupos populacionais, suas características étnicas, raciais e culturais, entendendo suas representações dos processos saúde-enfermidade. Considerando a singularidade do indivíduo quanto aos processos de adoecimento e de saúde-, a PNPIC corrobora para a integralidade da atenção à saúde, princípio este que requer também a interação das ações e serviços existentes no SUS. Estudos têm demonstrado que tais abordagens ampliam a corresponsabilidade dos indivíduos pela saúde, contribuindo para o aumento do exercício da cidadania. Nesse volume serão apresentadas pesquisas quantitativas, qualitativas e revisões bibliográficas sobre essa temática.
Objetivo: O estudo objetiva descrever a relação de Enfermeiros Obstétricos e Doulas na assistência ao trabalho de parto e parto. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e prospectivo, realizado no Centro de Parto Normal localizado em Castanhal, com sete Enfermeiras Obstétricas e três Doulas. Os dados foram coletados entre dezembro/2017 e maio/2018, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Emergiram as seguintes categorias: Assistência holística à gestante; A Enfermagem Obstétrica e as Doulas: o desafio no entrecruzar de práticas; Associação de práticas na assistência ao parto normal. Conclusão: Apesar dos relatos evidenciados de conflitos entre as Doulas e as Enfermeiras Obstétricas, é possível identificar uma boa relação na associação de práticas proporcionando benefícios à parturiente.
Human visceral leishmaniasis is a major public health problem in the Amazon. Thus, we analyzed the spatial distribution of this disease and its relationship with epidemiological, socioeconomic, and environmental variables in the Carajás Integration Region, Pará state, from 2011 to 2020. Epidemiological data for this ecological study were obtained from the State Public Health Secretariat, environmental data were obtained from the National Space Research Institute, and socioeconomic data were obtained from the Brazilian Geography and Statistics Institute. ArcGIS 10.5.1 software was used for classifying land use and cover and for the Kernel and Moran spatial analyses. It was observed in 685 confirmed cases that the epidemiological profile followed the national pattern of the disease occurrence, with a high prevalence in children who were not school-aged. The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution with clusters related to different human activities, such as urbanization, ranching, and mining. A spatial dependence between the disease prevalence and socioeconomic indicators was observed. The municipalities presented gradients of case densities associated with a direct relationship between areas with cases and deforestation. The disease is developing due to risk factors such as establishment and maintenance related to the non-sustainable development model implemented in the region, pointing to the need for its revision.
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