Financial imbalance is the reason of a macroeconomic instability. This study aims at identifying the institutional causes of financial markets imbalance. The authors consider that financial intermediaries in Ukraine work in a speculative market segment carrying out high-risk transactions with the purpose of earning a huge profit. In fact, in Ukraine the role of these institutions in the investment process financing is insignificant. The authors show that soundness of banks along with the ease of access to loans and a low level of confidence in national banking system are the main reasons of instability in financial market in Ukraine. Due to scarcity of financial capacity and refusal to carry out transactions in a high-risk market segments, insurance companies are unable to entirely perform functions of risk redistribution. Competitiveness of Ukrainian financial market remains low with a limited financial services nomenclature and it may be considered to be attractive for potential foreign investors.
In this paper systemic problems of Ukrainian banking sector are reviewed and the solutions are offered. The main objective of the study is to examine the relationship between a financial deepening and economic growth in Ukraine by estimating several multiple regression models over the 1993 to 2015 period. A real GDP growth per capita was used as an indicator for the economic growth. The domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) was used as an index of financial depth. The study concludes that financial deepening causes a slight impact on the economic growth of Ukraine. A low level of impact is an indicator of a limitedness of lending to the real economy. This means that banking sector has not become the real driving force of the economic growth in Ukraine yet. The study suggests a statement that policy makers should design the policies which will encourage lending especially high tech production, small and mid-size business, micro financing to the real economy to promote economic growth and increase employment.
<p><strong>Theoretical background:</strong> The growth in government borrowing, carried out in connection with the banks’ capitalisation, significantly increased the state budget expenditures aimed at servicing the capitalisation domestic public debt, which reinforces the general tendency regarding the exacerbation of the budget risk in the debt sphere in Ukraine. A weighty debt-creating factor was the budget deficit, which was covered by borrowing. Proceeding ahead of the rate of increase in debt volumes in comparison with gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates under the influence of internal and external destabilising factors contributed to the excess of the debt levels security indicators and increased the insolvency risk of the state. The increase of the obligations share denominated in foreign currency or linked to the exchange rate in the overall debt structure as an important indicator of the financial system’s vulnerability to exchange rate fluctuations creates additional threats to debt sustainability regarding the increasing currency risk and the national currency devaluation.</p><p><strong>Purpose of the article:</strong> The article is focused on studying the dynamics and structure of Ukraine’s public debt, its ratio to GDP, and an empirical analysis of the relationship between public debt (external and domestic) and economic growth in Ukraine.</p><p><strong>Research methods:</strong> To empirically test the relationship between public debt and economic growth in Ukraine over the 1992 to 2018 period, multiple regression models were conducted. A real GDP per capita was used as an indicator for economic growth and the debt-to-GDP ratio was used as an index of public debt. Research hypotheses were the following: H1: The public external debt-to-GDP ratio and GDP per capita have a strong negative and statistically relevant correlation; H2: The public domestic debt-to-GDP ratio and GDP per capita have a strong negative and statistically relevant correlation.</p><p><strong>Main findings:</strong> Examining the dynamics and structure of Ukraine’s public debt by borrowing market (external and domestic), it is concluded that there is no strong negative or positive statistically relevant correlation between the public debt-to-GDP ratio and GDP per capita for Ukraine. The impact of this factor is so insignificant that it encourages further research to verify that low GDP growth rate causes the increase in Ukraine’s public debt.</p>
Pandemic affects insurance industry both directly, via health shocks, and indirectly, via financial shocks, as well as via shift in the policyholder behavior and distribution channels. The paper contributes to understanding the impact of COVID-19 on the global and Ukrainian insurance market, provides insights into implementing digital measures and technologies for insurers, in response to changes caused or accelerated by pandemic, building the capabilities to survive and exploit the changing market.A research of the the dynamics of Ukrainian insurance market changes during the quarantine period was conducted, the main tech achievements of leading insurers were investigated. The paper highlights priorities that insurers need to address in the wake of pandemic (distribution destruction, reinvention of the customer experience, cost structure changes, new protection offerings and new revenue pools), deals with different business strategies that insurers can follow to adopt and pivot in the low-touch economy and reveals new opportunities to extend insurers’ protection offerings and establish new sources of revenue emerged with digital transformation. AcknowledgmentThis project was financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland as part of the «Regional Initiative of Excellence” Programme for 2019–2022. Project No. 021/RID/2018/19. Total project budget: PLN 11 897 131,40.
The paper is devoted to the investigation of the current state and trends of the insurance market in Ukraine. A number of indicators characterizing the state of insurance market development, such as: the number of insurance companies engaged in risky types of insurance and life insurance; volume and dynamics of gross insurance bonuses and insurance payments; dynamics of the number of concluded agreements on voluntary and compulsory types of insurance, as well as reinsurance agreements; volume and dynamics of assets and insurance reserves of domestic insurance companies are analyzed in this scientific paper. Comparative analysis of the above mentioned indicators with similar indicators of foreign countries is carried out. It is defined that the insurance market of Ukraine lags far behind the countries of Europe, the USA, China, Japan and other developed countries. The reason for such low development is the difficult economic situation in the country caused by such factors as the change of power in 2015, the occupation of part of the territory by the Russian Federation, which shattered the previously unstable economy. Although the economic situation in the country has stabilized in recent years, this is not enough for the insurance market to reach the level of developed economies. The investigation results are presented in the form of tables and graphical interpretations. The factors of positive and negative influence on the development of domestic insurance market are determined and characterized. The main factor influencing the insurance market and ensuring its stability is the control of measures increasing the level of the population insurance culture and the reliability of insurance companies. Such measures will increase the demand for insurance services, insurers will be interested in doing their best and these factors will result in financial market stabilization. This effect will be achieved if the state and insurance companies act in coordinated manner, i.e. if the state provides the insurance market with regulatory framework with unobtrusive supervision, and insurers perform their work honestly and conscientiously. A number of recommendations for the development of domestic insurance companies and the market in general are developed. The main measures are to attract capital not only from European countries, making the insurance market more attractive, but to develop the health insurance, as medicine is quite expensive and the income is low, as well as to introduce the new insurance products due to the development of all industries.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.