According to the Federal Information Fund for Social and Hygienic Monitoring FCFHE of Rospotrebnadzor air pollution in urbanized cities of Central Russia was studied. The most toxic anthropogenic pollutants and regions with the highest excesses of the maximum one-time and daily average maximum permissible concentrations of anthropogenic pollutants in the urban environment were identified. To assess the impact of technogenic air pollution on the medical and demographic processes of large urban areas in the GIS environment in the studied territories of Central Russia, we studied the dynamics of the general mortality of the population from malignant neoplasms of various organs, as well as the dynamics of mortality from leukemia. Studies have shown that a number of medical demographic processes directly correlate with atmospheric pollution by anthropogenic pollutants.

The aim of the study was to identify patterns of distribution of the magnitude of the the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation in an open area of urban space, depending on the functional purpose of the inner-city territory and the type of artificial coating. Materials and methods. Measurements of the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation (gamma background) in the city of Voronezh were carried out at 70 points, conventionally classified by functional use (industrial area, transport area, residential area, recreational area), as well as the type of coverage in open areas (granite stone blocks , asphalt pavement, paving slabs, open ground) For carrying out radiation monitoring, a highly sensitive portable search device was used – a search measuring gauge microprocessor ICP-PM1401MA. To assess the reliability of differences in the average values of the indicator by functional inner-city zones and types of artificial turf, the methods of parametric statistics (Student’s criterion) are used. Parametric methods of statistics in comparison with nonparametric methods allow statistically unambiguous interpretation of the results. There is no need to use other statistical tools in this regard. Results. The results of the evaluation of the radiation background show that the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation (gamma background) in the city of Voronezh is from 0.06 to 0.14 µSv / h and it does not exceed the permissible value (0.3 µSv / h). Significant differences in the average values of indicators in the industrial, transport, residential functional areas in relation to the recreational area were not found (tcalc. < ttabl., P < 0.05). The maximum levels of gamma background (0.09-0.14 µSv / h) in the territory of the city of Voronezh were found in those places where processed natural stones (granite) were used for the improvement of the territory. When solving the problem of identifying the dependence of the indicator of the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation in an open area of an inner-city space on the type of coating, in order to reduce uncertainties in the future, it is necessary to take into account the formulation of materials, especially the fraction of granite chips.

No abstract

The condition of the centralized drinking water supply continues to be a serious problem in ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of the Voronezh Region, as it causes a certain risk to the health of the population of the region. The paper assesses the current state of centralized drinking water supply and sanitation in the towns Anna, Liski, Boguchar, Rossosh, which are the administrative centers of four municipal districts of the Voronezh region. The problems of providing the population of the region with high-quality drinking water and the ways of solving rational water supply were considered. In addition, based on the results of chemical analysis of samples taken from the distribution network, the quality of drinking water supplied to the population of the studied towns was established. The results of the analysis showed that the population of small towns in the Voronezh region consumes drinking water that does not meet hygienic requirements. Therefore, today it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and control over the quality of drinking water supply, and the population of small towns in the region should use household water aftertreatment filters.

No abstract

Based on the analysis of official statistics from the Voronezh Hydrometeorological Service, the patterns of the dynamics of pollutants (formaldehyde and soot) are investigated depending on the combination of various meteorological parameters — air temperature, wind speed, relative air humidity. A positive relationship has been established between the increase in atmospheric pollution with formaldehyde and air temperature. With increasing wind speed and relative humidity, the concentration of formaldehyde and soot in the atmosphere of the city, as a rule, decrease. The maximum permissible level of carcinogenic risk to public health has been established, causing concern. The obtained patterns can be used to predict the level of technogenic pollution of the city’s atmosphere, depending on meteorological conditions.

The aim of the study was a comprehensive analysis of the state of the environment in the industrialized city of Voronezh to justify measures to protect the environment and prevent the morbidity of the population. Material and methods. The study uses materials from the regional information fund for social and hygienic monitoring, which is implemented on the basis of the Federal State Health Care Institution “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region” under the “Environment” section for the last 5 years. The methods of the comprehensive assessment of anthropogenic load on the environment and methods for assessing the health risks of the population due to environmental factors are applied. Results. The anthropogenic load on the environment has been established to be significantly higher in the territories with the predominant negative influence of the industrial sector (Coefficient of complex anthropogenic load (CL = 13.29)) and motor traffic loads (CL = 14.65) relative to the relatively prosperous territory (CL = 7.97). Among the analyzed factors (air pollution, drinking water quality, soil contamination in the residential area, road noise), the leading contribution of the aerotechnogenic factor to the formation of the level of anthropogenic load in the urban area (58.1-58.5%) was determined on the basis of a comprehensive hygienic assessment. An assessment of the health risks of the population showed the priority of the adverse impact of air pollution and road noise on the city residents. According to the degree of carcinogenic danger, the most unfavorable situation is observed in the industrial area near the aircraft plant and the plant for the production of synthetic rubber, where high levels of total individual carcinogenic risk (chrome+6, soot, acrolein, formaldehyde), more than 1∙10-4, less than 1∙10-3, which is classified as a hazardous risk. The unacceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk (HQ>1) in the industrial area is exceeded by 4 out of 14 controlled substances: acrolein, nitric oxide, copper oxide, chromium+6. When assessing the unidirectional effects of substances, an unacceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk (HI>1) was found to be characteristic for the development of the pathology if respiratory, cardiovascular, hemopoietic (blood) and endocrine system. The risk of disrupting the health of the urban population at existing levels of noise from road transport exceeds acceptable values. The highest risk indices for health from the effects of transport noise are characteristic for diseases of the cardiovascular system. As the age (probable duration of the exposure time) increases from 10 to 35 years, the risk level is estimated as average (the risk ranges from 0.051 to 0.342 units), from 40 to 45 years - as high (from 0.352 to 0.591), from 50 to 70 years - as extreme (from 0.607 to 1). The identified problems must be solved in the context of the overall development of the city.

Цель работы заключалась в прогнозировании численности редких видов на основе ландшафтных факторов их распространения. Методы. Прогнозное моделирование выполнено на примере всех гнездящихся видов авифауны в Липецкой области, внесенных в Красную книгу региона. Установлено 60 таких видов птиц, координаты 1165 их гнездовых участков мы внесли в ГИС и проанализировали по регулярной сети квадратов 10 x10 км в рамках исследуемой территории. Для каждого из 220 полученных квадратов вычисляли количество гнездовых участков редких видов, а также 13 характеристик ландшафта – на основе карт и данных дистанционного зондирования. Полученный массив переменных анализировали с помощью метода главных компонент (ГК) и географически взвешенной Пуассоновской регрессии (ГВПР). Результаты. ГК объединили исследуемые переменные в пять факторов, отражающие 84 % дисперсии, из которых выделены наиболее статистически значимые для предпринятого моделирования предикторы: средняя высота местности, количество водоемов, лесистость и доля площади населенных пунктов на квадрат. Построенная на их основе ГВПР, отразила 68 % варьирования данных и позволила спрогнозировать численность редких видов птиц для слабо обследованных районов. Сравнение прогнозной и учтенной численности по квадратам позволило установить территории высокой природоохранной ценности и перспективные территории для дополнительных орнитологических обследований. Выводы: мы установили факторы размещения редких видов птиц и выполнили пространственный прогноз их численности для Липецкой области. Результаты исследования необходимы для мониторинга биоразнообразия и природоохранного планирования в регионе.