Robotization in agriculture must be carried out taking into account various factors. Agricultural organizations are in different conditions, therefore, just economic efficiency is not enough to justify the implementation of robotics. Timeliness of the research topic is conditioned by the need to assess the applicability of implementing robotics at the micro level, taking into account various factors, since this issue has not been sufficiently studied. The article proposes a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the expediency of robotization of agricultural organizations, taking into account the technical, technological, organizational and social factors characterizing a certain production process. It is proposed, to determine the economic efficiency of the robotics implementation at the first stage of such an assessment. Then the expert group determines the average and relative evaluation of the significance of each factor from the proposed ones. The preliminary selection is completed by assigning the ranks of the preference for implementing robotics to workplaces. The methodology for determining the expedience of robotics has been tested in agricultural organizations at workplaces in animal husbandry. Using the methodology will increase the validity of decisions on the implementation of robotics in agricultural organizations.
Abstract. The purpose of the research is to study the age of retirement of cows from the herd, depending on various genetic and paratypical factors. Methods. The research was carried out according to the data of a black-and-white breed dairy herd of the Chelyabinsk region. The studied animals of different ages were divided into groups relative to the live weight at the first fruitful insemination, the age of retirement of mothers and bulls-producers of Holstein lines. The paper analyzes data for the period from 2003 to 2019 on 9247 heads of cows. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the analysis of genetic and paratypical factors affecting the increase in the age of retirement of dairy cows from the herd. As a result, it was found that the age of retirement of animals from the herd of the studied cows was 3.4 lactation. But only 29.0 % of cows were eliminated from the herd at the age of 5 lactations and older. At the early stages of economic use (before the 2nd lactation), animals were rejected due to diseases of the genital organs (1.5 lactation), respiratory organs (1.0–1.25 lactation), surgical diseases (1.5–1.8 lactation) and limb injuries (1.8 lactation). The shortest period of economic use, equal to 3.5 lactation, was observed in animals that were first fruitfully inseminated at the age of 18 months and older with a live weight of more than 400 kg. Long-lived mothers (older than 7 lactations) weakly transmitted their signs of productive longevity to their daughters, whose retirement age was 3.57–3.75 lactation. The daughters of the bulls-producers of the line Reflection Sovering 198998 had a longer period of use – an average of 5.1 lactations. Genetic and paratypical factors affect the age of retirement of cows. The study of this issue, as well as the competent application of the results obtained, make it possible to increase the period of production use of the dairy herd to 5 lactations or more.
The aim of our research was to study the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in growth hormone gene on variability of weight and linear growth in crossbred Red Angus × Kalmyk heifers (F2). The experimental animals were reared in "Agrofirma Aduchi" Ltd. in Tselinniy region, Republic of Kalmykia. Heifers were divided into groups after genotyping in accordance with the allelic variant of the growth hormone gene: I group completed with GH LV heterozygous animals (n = 11 heads), II grouprepresentatives of the homozygous GH VV gene (n = 9 heads). The inter-group differences in live weight were insignificant (P> 0.05) between the carriers of various genotype variants in growth hormone gene in the weaning age (8 months). The advantage in live weight between experimental animals increased to 23.9 kg (P <0.05) at the final stage of the control rearing (18 months). In this period, heterozygous youngsters (GH LV) differed in a large format of the exterior compared to homozygous contemporaries (GH VV). The significant superiority was established absolutely for all studied measurements. The maximum effect of heredity factor on the variability of live weight was detected at the age of 18 months-24.81% (P <0.05). The calculation of the organized factor impact to the overall variability of linear growth in heifers of different allelic variants for the GH gene showed significance (P <0.05) at 18 months of age. Thus, the detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in GH gene can improve the accuracy of the selection in beef herds.
Аbstract. One of the most common elements in the earth's crust is silicon. In soils, its content varies widely. One hundred years ago, to the role of silicon in agriculture and human nutri on was not paid a en on. But with the intensifica on of agricultural produc on in addi on to the basic elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, the importance of which for crop yields is recognized, much a en on was paid to secondary and trace elements, in par cular, silicon. The aim of the research was to determine the content of soluble silicon compounds in the arable layer of chernozem-type soils depending on their par cle size distribu on. The research was conducted on arable lands of Novoushitsky district of Khmelnytsky region. In soil samples were determined: par cle size distribu on and content of frac ons of different sizes according to SSTU 4730:2007; pH of salt extract according to SSTU ISO 10390:2001; humus content according to SSTU 4289:2004; the content of exchangeable compounds of calcium and magnesium by extrac on with 1.0 M KCl solu on. Silicon compounds in soils were determined by the method of Mullen and Riley with extrac on of silicon by the method of V.V.Ma chenkov. Studies that were conducted on agricultural soils of Khmelnytsky region have shown that the content of silicon compounds in soils is related to the par cle size distribu on of Ґрунтознавство та агрохімія
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