The article presents the materials of the study on bull cross of the Bredy meat type simmentals, which include the genotyping of animals for the CAST and CAPN1 genes with the identification of frequencies of genotype and alleles, as well as testing the production of these animals expressed in the evaluation of aged within 8 days of meat for the indicators tenderness, juiciness, organoleptic assessment of taste. The results of the studies did not confirm, with certainty, the influence of the CAST gene polymorphism on the beef tenderness indicators, as well as no associations of this gene with the studied juiciness and meat taste indicators, while the carriers of the homozygous CC genotype CAPN1 exceeded other genotypes of the sample in tenderness, juiciness and taste of beef. And indicators of bull meat with a combination of TT* genes on CAST and CC* on CAPN1 had superiority over the average indicators of the total sample (P <0.001), as well as over the group of animals with the most preferred CC genotype for the CAPN1 gene by 1.22 points or 15.4% (P <0.01) by tenderness, by 1.44 points or 18.2% (P <0.05) by juiciness, by 1.56 points or 19.2% (P <0.001) by taste. Studies have confirmed the effect of the CAPN1 gene CC homozygotes polymorphic state itself, as well as the CAST and CAPN1 genes on beef tenderness in the part where the combination of TT genotypes in the CAST gene and CC in the CAPN1 gene gives a positive effect on beef tenderness, probably associated with activation the activity of μ-calpain in connection with the weakening of the effect of calpastatin as an inhibitor on μ-calpain, as a result of which the enzymatic effect on myofibrillary proteins acquires a different intensity, and possibly a different manifestation. What was the reason for the increase in sensory sensitivity to taste of prepared samples, tenderness and juiciness of meat.
A comparative study of the biological characteristics of the heifers Bredy meat type of two populations located in Russia and Kazakhstan was carried out to determine the state of genes associated with the meat quality in the genotypeCAPN1, GDF5, TG5, BGL. In genotyping, we used the real-time PCR method using oligonucleotide primers (Gen Bank), for each primer individually in the corresponding sequences. Studies for improve breeding by innovative methods revealed the frequencies of genotypes and alleles for marker genes CAPN1, TG5, BGL and GDF5, which are related to meat quality indicators, a certain displacement in the genotypes of the compared populations of the Bredy meat type of Kazakhstan and Russia according to the CAPN1 gene (χ2 = 8.52) and the TG5 gene (χ2 = 4.73). The genotyping result of animals from LLC “Breeding plant Bredy” were analyzed from the point of view of attributing carriers of different genotypes to the offspring of bulls-producers Fakir, Kust and Chizhik, in order to determine the producer giving offspring with predictably high nutritional and biotechnological properties of beef. A comparison of the carriers of the identified genotypes of the studied genes by the characteristics used in the evaluation of young animals by their own productivity did not give significant results, however, showed trends by which scientific research can be directed. An assessment of the bulls-producers of the successors of the different line of meat simmentals on the quality of heifers – daughters showed that the largest comprehensive index was set for the bull-producer Bush 39046 – 102.7, which was recognized as an improver. The assignment of all, without exception, heifers of different groups, evaluated bulls-producers, to the highest class elite-record, indicates the value of all the studied genotypes.
The biochemical characteristic of the conditions of systems allows reviewing the nature and intensity of diseases (pathogenesis). To study the adaptation of the animal organism to the conditions of ecosystem pollution by toxic elements and to establish the specific metabolism routes, we have investigated a number of biochemical indicators of protein, carbohydrate, lipidic and mineral metabolism of cows. Our suggestion on lowered antioxidative function of cow blood plasma is confirmed by high concentrations of β-lipoproteins. Their level in animals is 8.00±0.11 and 7.28±0.11 g/l (Р<0.001), correspondingly, which is higher than the reference values by 20.3…32.01%. The results of biochemical studies of cow blood serum demonstrating the indicators of protein metabolism in the organism and comparison of them with reference data allow suggesting that the complex and sophisticated impact of anthropogenic environment pollution cause pseudoadaptation of animals that temporarily compensate hidden pathologic processes. In general, the established changes witness characteristic disturbance of intermediate lipide metabolism in studied cows, which is expressed as lipidemia and hyper-β-proteinemia.
For a long time the domestic black-and-white cattle was systematically improved by adding the blood of the world’s best dairy breed – i.e. the Holstein breed. In 2002 a new Ural type of black-and-white breed was officially registered. In first heifers with live weight of less than 550 kg an average negative correlation of milk yield is observed, in the first heifers with live weight of 625 kg or more this correlation is low negative to an average positive. In cows a positive correlation between live weight and milk yield per lactation is noted, except for group of cows with a high live weight where this correlation is not established. It should be noted that along with an increase in live weight from 550 kg or less to a weight of 599 kg, the correlation between these signs decreased, but this correlation increased among the cows with a live weight of 600-624 kg. The correlation between live weight and milk quality parameters per lactations is also ambiguous and ranged from high positive (0.89, 1 lactation, weight up to 550 kg) to low negative (-0.19, 1 lactation, weight 625 kg or more) in terms of correlation between live weight and mass fraction of fat (MFF) in milk.
The aim of our research was to study the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in growth hormone gene on variability of weight and linear growth in crossbred Red Angus × Kalmyk heifers (F2). The experimental animals were reared in "Agrofirma Aduchi" Ltd. in Tselinniy region, Republic of Kalmykia. Heifers were divided into groups after genotyping in accordance with the allelic variant of the growth hormone gene: I group completed with GH LV heterozygous animals (n = 11 heads), II grouprepresentatives of the homozygous GH VV gene (n = 9 heads). The inter-group differences in live weight were insignificant (P> 0.05) between the carriers of various genotype variants in growth hormone gene in the weaning age (8 months). The advantage in live weight between experimental animals increased to 23.9 kg (P <0.05) at the final stage of the control rearing (18 months). In this period, heterozygous youngsters (GH LV) differed in a large format of the exterior compared to homozygous contemporaries (GH VV). The significant superiority was established absolutely for all studied measurements. The maximum effect of heredity factor on the variability of live weight was detected at the age of 18 months-24.81% (P <0.05). The calculation of the organized factor impact to the overall variability of linear growth in heifers of different allelic variants for the GH gene showed significance (P <0.05) at 18 months of age. Thus, the detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in GH gene can improve the accuracy of the selection in beef herds.
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