УДК 637.112 Е. А. Скворцов а) , Е. Г. Скворцова а) , И. С. Санду б) , Г. А. Иовлев а) а) Уральский государственный аграрный университет

The underlying assumption of the study is that ERP systems can crucially facilitate information exchange; yet, the agricultural sector is slow in their adoption due to different reasons, including a shortage of skilled personnel as well as a lack of knowledge about ERP capabilities among top managers and key employees. The study intends to identify challenges and prospects for ERP implementation in agriculture. The applied methods include the analysis of WoS publications and questionnaire surveys of executives of 55 companies operating in the Middle Urals' agricultural sector. ERP systems can be defined as comprehensive software solutions aimed to integrate business and management processes through a holistic approach and a single information system. According to expert estimates, in today's Russia the projects related to the agro-industrial sector account for 1-2% to 10-15% of the projects from the leading ERP vendors, including 1C, Bars Group, and Navigator-Agro. ERP systems in agriculture help improve business performance, reduce and monitor costs. These systems are effective in decision-making and can serve as the basis for precision agriculture. The main barriers are poor personnel skills and competencies, shortage of funds for ERP adoption, poorly developed or absent infrastructure, difficulties of fitting and adapting of ERP systems to agricultural business. In addition, agricultural business owners show no confidence in high-tech solutions and poor knowledge of the above systems. Other problems include operation complexity and insufficient government support in ERP implementation. The results of the study can be used by government authorities in their programs for innovative development and technical upgrading of the agriculture industry.

Robotization in agriculture must be carried out taking into account various factors. Agricultural organizations are in different conditions, therefore, just economic efficiency is not enough to justify the implementation of robotics. Timeliness of the research topic is conditioned by the need to assess the applicability of implementing robotics at the micro level, taking into account various factors, since this issue has not been sufficiently studied. The article proposes a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the expediency of robotization of agricultural organizations, taking into account the technical, technological, organizational and social factors characterizing a certain production process. It is proposed, to determine the economic efficiency of the robotics implementation at the first stage of such an assessment. Then the expert group determines the average and relative evaluation of the significance of each factor from the proposed ones. The preliminary selection is completed by assigning the ranks of the preference for implementing robotics to workplaces. The methodology for determining the expedience of robotics has been tested in agricultural organizations at workplaces in animal husbandry. Using the methodology will increase the validity of decisions on the implementation of robotics in agricultural organizations.

1 ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация 2 ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе», Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация Главная проблема трансплантации -это дефицит донорских органов. Однако это не единственный вызов современной трансплантации. Остро стоят проблемы подбора оптимальной дозы иммуносупрессивных препаратов для конкретного пациента, предупреждения и купирования реакций отторжения трансплан-тата, продления срока жизни реципиентов и пересаженного органа. До сих пор ведутся исследования механизмов ишемически-реперфузионного повреждения донорских органов. Также неизвестно, чем на самом деле ограничивается жизнеспособность донорских органов, какие ключевые механизмы влияют на нее. Наступающая эра персонализированной медицины диктует необходимость разработки индивиду-ализированных подходов к решению этих и других проблем. Ключом к решению может послужить созда-ние трансплантационных биобанков и проведение различных исследований на их основе. Биобанки -это один из ключевых компонентов персонализированной медицины, они позволяют проводить крупномас-штабные популяционные исследования, поиск новых биомаркеров и терапевтических целей, разработку новых лекарств. Значимость этой относительно молодой отрасли многократно возросла за последние десятилетия, на смену небольшим коллекциям биологических образцов пришли крупные национальные и международные биорепозитории. Существуют биобанки разных типов и предназначений. В данной статье проведен системный обзор литературы, дана историческая справка, предложены определения по-нятия «биобанк», рассмотрены существующие варианты классификации, освещено современное поло-жение отрасли, оценены перспективы создания трансплантационных биобанков. Organ shortage remains to be a crucial issue in transplantation. However, it's not the only challenge that modern transplantation is facing. There are critical issues to be solved, such as, choosing optimal patient-specifi c immunosuppressive regimen, preventing or coping effectively with graft rejection and improving graft and patient survival rates. There are still a number of ongoing studies on ischemia-reperfusion injury mechanisms. It is also unknown what the true limitations of organ viability are and what mechanisms actually regulate it. The upcoming era of personalized medicine dictates the necessity for individualized approach to these issues. The creation of transplant biobanks followed by different studies on their base may be the key option to resolve problems of modern transplantation. Biobanks are an essential basis of personalized medicine, which allows largescale population studies, discovery of new biomarkers and therapy targets as well as new drugs development. Ключевые слова: трансплантация, биобанк, персонализированная медицина. BIOBANKS ARE AN ESSENTIAL TOOL FOR TRANSPLANTATION. HISTORY, CURRENT STATE, PERSPECTIVES

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