The present study of antipertussis immunity stress and level in young and school children who was vaccinated ADTP vaccine showed that on the average 28.3% of them were seronegative. The lowest parts of seronegative children were detected in the age group of infants under 12 months of age (12.3%) and in that of 15 - 17 years old teenagers (12.1%). The maximum percent of seronegative children were detected in the age group of 6 - 8 years - 38.8%. Despite the nonsignificant increase of this indicator, compared to the previous age group, it is advisable to supplement serological monitoring of indicator group 6- 7 years. The researchers did not discover the reliable correlation between the pertussis incidence in different age groups and proportion of seronegative children in those groups. The obtained results suggest that there is an occult circulation of pertussis causing agent. They also showed that it is necessary to revise the indicator age groups for serologic monitoring of antipertussis immunity.
Genetic characterization of wild-type measles viruses (MVs) is an important component of laboratory surveillance of measles. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis was performed of the nucleoprotein gene sequences of 228 MVs isolated in the Russian Federation between 2003 and 2007. Five genotypes, D4, D5, D6, D8, and H1, were detected. From 1999 through the first 6 months of 2003, the most prevalent genotype in the European part of Russia was D4. All genotype D4-type viruses were closely related to each other (with overall sequence diversity of
Pertussis infection remains a high-priority issue both for Russian health care and abroad. A rise of pertussis incidence in various human age groups instigates a search for new ways to fight this infection and improve methods for its laboratory diagnostics. By taking into consideration a short-term effect induced by acellular and whole-cell vaccines, a feasibility of introducing the second or even the third pertussis revaccination is vigorously debated. Objective of the study was to analyze the experience and effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccines in countries, which use the second and third pertussis revaccination in the National Immunization Schedule in order to have an insight into adjusting strategy and tactics of pertussis immunization In Russia. Analyzing pertussis prevalence demonstrated that despite a wide immunization coverage pertussis incidence in the last years (2008–2015) was increased in a large number of countries in the European region, as well as inAustralia,CanadaandUSA. However, the reasons for elevated pertussis incidence have not been clarified yet. On one hand, it may be accounted for by low vaccination coverage in adolescents and adults; weakened immune protection after vaccination; genetic changes in Bordetella pertussis; shortened durability of protective immunity in children vaccinated with acellular vs. whole-cell vaccine; improved monitoring and morbidity reporting, as well as improved laboratory diagnostics due to shifting from serological and bacteriological to molecular genetic assays. In an attempt to solve this issue, researchers from several countries collaborate to discuss and develop a strategy to reduce pertussis incidence. ForRussia, the most important is to empower and/or improve existing infant immunization strategy in order to provide wide coverage with the four dose pertussis vaccine for decreasing the risk of pertussis morbidity and mortality. It is worth noting the “cocoon” strategy given the high risk of pertussis infection in children of the first months of life. We believe that forRussiait is worth investigating an opportunity of using children 2–3 months of life an acellular vaccine as the first vaccination, which is expected to increase the coverage of this cohort and allow to increase proportion of children who might complete vaccination by 5 months of age. At the same time, more reasonable might be to preserve a number of age groups for pertussis vaccination in the current National Immunization Schedule, as expanding age limits for vaccination might put a risk at increasing pertussis morbidity in older individuals, which could be hard to diagnose.
The considerable factual data enabled us for the first time to reveal the peculiarities of measles epidemic process manifestations in different stages of the prophylaxis. It was shown that some determinants of measles epidemic process changed during the period of high measles vaccination coverage of children and adult population: measles mortality was eliminated, the seasonal factors do not influence on the dynamics of epidemic process within a year, fluctuations of measles incidences became stochastic over many last years, the measles ceased to be a children infection. Increasing impact on the epidemic process of measles by social factors and less biological factors, which manifests itself in an increase in the proportion of cases among socially deviant groups, individuals decreed professions. Significant role in the epidemic process play internal and external migration.
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