The new COVID-19 coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a global health threat. Neurological disorders detected in patients with coronavirus infection have a wide range of clinical signs: headache, dizziness, altered level of consciousness, acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Evidence suggests that patients with more severe systemic symptoms were more likely to experience neurological symptoms. The main risk factors for the development of ischemic stroke in patients with coronavirus infection are considered. It was shown that COVID-19 more often occurred in people with vascular risk factors, among which the mortality rate was higher. Various possible and not mutually exclusive mechanisms which may play a role in the development of ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 are described in detail, including hyper-inflammatory state («cytokine storm»), «COVID-19-associated coagulopathy», and disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Stroke risk factors associated with the critical condition in these patients are presented. Stroke, the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, requires immediate treatment and decision-making as well as 24/7 availability for specialized vascular centers. The results of observation of patients with acute cerebral circulation disorder in specialized vascular centers 2 months before and 15 days after quarantine due to COVID-19 are presented. The tactics of managing patients with ischemic stroke under conditions of coronavirus infection is considered.
This article describes the problems of traditional poliovulation induction scheme with repeated injections of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to embryo donor cows. The purpose of this study was a comparative analysis of poliovulation induction results in donors received one or several FSH injections. Experimental animals (n = 256) in group I (n = 96) received injections of "FSH-super" drug eight times, every 12 hours for 4 days; in group II (n = 73) there was one injection of "FSH-super" combined with polyvinyl alcohol with a molecular weight of 15,000 Da; in group III (n = 87) there was one injection of "FSH-super" combined with polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 6,000 Da. The number of donor cows with positive response to hormonal treatment in groups I-III was similar: 94.8%, 95.9%, and 95.4%, respectively, what shows the effectiveness of one injection of long acting FSH. At the same time, group III (with polyethylene glycol as prolongator) was the leader in the effectiveness of induced poliovulationhere the highest ovarian poliovulatory reaction was obtained with the formation of 15.2 yellow bodies per one donor (in groups II and I-14.0 and 10.5, respectively). The number of obtained proper embryos in group III was higher by 9.6% than in group II, and by 15.6% than in group I, while the number of degenerated embryos in group III was 2.5% less than in group II and 15.0% less than in group I. In group III, there were the highest level of ovum fertilization rate (82.2%), the largest number of excellent-and good-quality embryos (optimal for cryopreservation)-89.9%, and also, of embryos at the stages of late morula, early blastocyst and expanded blastocyst (optimal for transplantation)-93.3%. The considered facts can be taken into account when developing protocols for one FSH injection in order to stimulate poliovulation in embryo donor cows.
The article presents the data on the state of endothelial function in the normally and in various diseases and conditions. The basic functions of endothelium in modulation of vascular tone, atrombogenicity and thrombogenicity of the vascular wall, regulation of vascular wall adhesion, regulation of vascular growth are described. The main causes leading to the formation of endothelial dysfunction and the mechanisms underlying it are highlighted. Numerous studies on the evaluation of endothelial function in various diseases are presented. The basic methods of drug and non-drug correction of endothelial dysfunction are presented.
Cardiovascular diseases in Russia are leading in the structure of total mortality. Atherosclerosis is considered a progressive inflammatory systemic disease. The role of endothelium in the development of the atherosclerotic process is described in detail. The main functions of endotheliocytes are normal and in various pathological conditions. The main markers of endothelial dysfunction are presented. Data on the development of the atherosclerotic process in time, risk factors are presented. Local and systemic risk factors for atherosclerosis are highlighted. Own data on the frequency of occurrence of atherosclerotic changes in the main vessels of the head in young people (up to 45 years) based on the results of ultrasonic duplex scanning during professional examinations are presented. The main directions of correction of endothelial dysfunction are described.
The article discusses the epidemiological data on the incidence of ischemic stroke (IS) in persons aged 18–50 years, the frequency of various subtypes of IS, depending on the region according to the TOAST classification. Based on recent studies, the frequency of the main traditional risk factors for IS in young people is given, as well as our own data on the frequency of detection of various subtypes of IS on admission and the main risk factors in 145 people aged 18–45 years. The article describes other, moderate causes of stroke at a young age, taking into account modern diagnostic capabilities.
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