This review discusses the main methods of breeding material development, the current state, problems and prospects for medicinal and essential oil plants breeding. The relevance of this area has especially increased due to the sanctions, the resulting shortage of medicinal plants and their low quality, which does not meet the requirements of the pharmaceutical industry. To produce a stable plant raw material base, it is necessary to actively develop a breeding process to create new highly productive varieties of medicinal plants resistant to biotic and abiotic environments. In breeding with the use of modern molecular biological methods, related species and generic complexes of the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) collection can be involved, where there is extensive original genetic material of medicinal, essential oil, rare and endangered species. In the breeding of medicinal and essential oil crops, traditional methods of individual and individual-family selection, polyploidy, chemical mutagenesis and a combination of methods to obtain original breeding material are still promising. VILAR has created more than 90 varieties of medicinal and essential oil crops, most of which have been approved for use throughout the Russian Federation.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different methods of extraction solvents removal from liquid herbal drugs extracts on their pharmacological activity (immunomodulating, adaptogene, antioxidant and antibacterial). The authors used specific enzyme biotest systems in vitro based on key enzymes of antioxidant protection system - glutathione reductase and catalase, as well as on limiting enzyme of phagocytosis terminal phase – NADPH-oxidase, that allow the researchers to identify adaptogene, antioxidant, antibacterial and immunomodulating BAS activity and to estimate possible alterations in bioactivity of the studied objects. The obtained results showed that the drying temperature of liquid combined herbal drugs extracts does not influence significantly on its BAS complex bioactivity. Extract samples, dried at different temperatures, have immunomodulating and antibacterial activity. Best results were shown by the two samples: 1) dried at t=60 ± 1°С without vacuum application, and 2) preliminary adsorbed on the mix of powder like excipients isomalt GalenIQ® and Aeroperl® 300 Pharma, and then dried at room temperature. The materials of this article can be useful for specialists in pharmaceutical technology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. The obtained results contribute to the development of new advanced drug formulations based on BAS of herbal drugs extracts.
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