Over the past years highly effective phytopreparations with antibacterial activity have been created in Russia. Macleaya x kevensis Turill, which is a hybrid between heart-shaped Macleaya (Macleaya cordata) and small-fruited Macleaya (Macleaya microcarpa), can serve as a raw material for their production. To provide the pharmaceutical industry with this type of raw material in the conditions of the North Caucasian branch of VILAR, plantations of this crop have been created and research is being carried out to create a zonal technology for its cultivation. The basis of cultivatiov is the exogenous regulation of the processes of growth, development and bioproductivity of the plant organism through the use of organomineral and microfertilizers. In 2019–2022 experiments on testing humic fertilizers (Potassium Humate, Lignohumate) and their complexes with silicon-containing microfertilizer Siliplant were carried out on the Macleaya plantation. Treatments with these preparations were carried out: in the 1st year of the growing season – at the beginning of regrowth and after 30 days, in the 2nd and 3rd years of the growing season – at the beginning of the growing season and after the first harvesting of raw materials for growing plants. As a result of the tests, an increase in the growth and development of Macleaya plants was observed. The activation of growth processes contributed to an increase in crop yield in the first year with a single cut by 0.18–0.19 t/ha (17–18%), in the 2 and 3 years of the growing season by the sum of two cuts by 1.50–1.76 t/ha (20–24%) and the collection of alkaloids per hectare by 21–27%.
In the Western Ciscaucasia, frequent droughts lead to a decrease in the yield of Echinacea purpurea L., which is a base for immunostimulating preparations. It is possible to mitigate the effect of sharp fluctuations in weather conditions by using growth regulators and microfertilizers, the exogenous application of which allows mobilizing the potential capabilities of the plant organism aimed at increasing its bioproductivity. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of foliar application the growth regulator Zircon and silicon-containing microfertilizer Siliplant on the yield of Echinacea biomass depending on the weather conditions. The weather conditions during the research years differed. Thus, in 2011– 2014, the average daily air temperatures and the amount of precipitation from May to July were almost at the level of the average annual values. And starting from 2015 there has been a significant increase in temperatures and a decrease in moisture availability. Foliar treatment of Echinacea purpurea with Zircon and Siliplant under drought ensured an increase in the biomass yield by 15–20% compared to the control, under stable weather conditions – by 11–18%. Their combined application increased the yield of the green weight by 24–31%, under stable weather conditions – by 18–24%. The high efficiency of the preparations was manifested in the growth of the root system under drought conditions, where the increase in yield was 40–43% at their combined application. The content of hydroxycinnamic acids in the raw material increased by 4–6% regardless of weather conditions and by 9– 10% in the variant Siliplant + Zircon application. Losses of biomass yield under hydrothermal stress amounted to 1–10%, of roots – 4–5%, while in the control the values were 15–25 and 18%, respectively. The biggest preservation of the yield was noted in the Siliplant + Zircon variant, where there was even a small increase in biomass yield – by 4–9%, in roots – by 4%.
Relevance. An important place in the extensive assortment of ether-oil cultures belongs to the common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), phytopreparations produced on its basis are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory processes, the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract.Methodology. To provide the pharmaceutical industry with this type of medicinal raw materials, it is necessary to create adapted technologies, where an important link will be the development of techniques for adapting the culture to unstable weather conditions.Results. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the North Caucasus branch of VILAR (West Ciscaucasia) in 2019-2021, by conducting small-scale experiments. The indicators of growth and development of yarrow of the II-V years of vegetation, the yield of raw materials, the content of essential oil and its collection per hectare under unstable weather conditions were studied. It was found that with sufficient moisture supply and a comfortable level of air temperatures in 2021, a high yield of medicinal raw materials of this crop is observed. At the same time, low water supply and high temperatures in 2020 had a negative impact on plant development, a drop in yield of 1.35-1.65 t/ha was established, which led to losses in the collection of essential oil per hectare by 3.23-4.32 kg/ha. A decrease in the degree of negative impact of drought on yarrow plants of the II-IV years of vegetation was achieved through the use of silicon-containing microfertilization Siliplant. Double treatment with this drug contributed to a decrease in the yield of raw materials to 5-6% and the collection of essential oil per hectare to 5-7%. in the control – 21-24% and 22-24%, respectively. Despite the high yield of raw materials in the III-III years of yarrow vegetation, the use of Siliplant allows collecting ether-oil raw materials for 4 years. Thus, the inclusion of Siliplant microfertilization in cultivation technology allows plants to adapt to hydrothermal stress conditions and makes it possible to obtain stable yields of raw materials with a high collection of essential oil per hectare, regardless of weather conditions.
Essential oils obtained from aromatic plants are of great value to many industries. In traditional and alternative medicine, the peppermint essential oil of Mentha piperita and Dracocephalum moldavica is used for the production of medicinal preparations, which have immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, sedative and antispasmodic effects. The aim of the research was to study the effect of organic and mineral fertilizers Аbsolute, EcoFus, microfertilizer Siliplant and their complex on the yield and content of essential oil in Mentha piperita and Dracocephalum moldavica. We carried out the treatment in the phase of regrowth of Mentha and branching of Dracocephalum, we carried out the harvesting in the phase of budding - the beginning of flowering. We noted an intensification of growth processes: the height of Mentha piperita in the variant with EcoFus increased by 20 %, with Silipant – by 26 %, and the double treatment of Dracocephalum moldavica with a binary mixture of Absolute and Silipant increased their height by 16 % in comparison with the control. The activation of growth processed contributed to an increase in the yield of raw materials. The increase of in the grass yield of Mentha piperita in the variant with EcoFus was 21 % (0.46 t per ha) compared to the control, with Siliplant – 26 % (0.57 t per ha). The content of essential oil in Mentha piperita increased by 6-8 %, the yield of essential oil per unit area increased by 28 % and 36 %. The combined use of Аbsolute and Siliplant on the Dracocephalum moldavica provided an increase in productivity and yield of essential oil per hectare not only in comparison with the control (36 % and 45 %), but also with variants of treatment with individual preparations - 15-16 % and 18-25 %, respectively.
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