Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) are widely used for remote sensing, including the production of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). We study the possibilities of UAS-based aerial surveys to produce photogrammetrically sound, high-resolution DEMs intended for geomorphometric modeling. The study was conducted at the Zaoksky testing ground (Russia). To carry out an aerial survey, we used a UAS Geoscan-101 equipped with a Sony DSC-RX1 camera and a Topcon GNSS receiver. Aerial photographs were processed using Agisoft PhotoScan Professional software. Applying dense point cloud generation and classification, we produced DEMs with resolutions of 6 cm, 20 cm, and 1 m. Using a universal spectral analytical method, we derived models of several morphometric variables (i.e., slope gradient, horizontal, vertical, minimal, and maximal curvatures) from DEMs with resolutions of 20 cm and 1 m. We found that it is possible to produce noiseless models and well-readable maps of morphometric variables for grassy areas with separately standing groups of trees and shrubs. However, UAS-based DEMs cannot be applied for modeling of forested areas: there occur pronounced unrecoverable artifacts due to errors of automated classification of the dense point cloud. Finally, we present recommendations for the production of UAS-derived, photogrammetrically sound, high-resolution DEMs intended for geomorphometry.
The complexity of retrieving and understanding the archaeological data requires to apply different techniques, tools and sensors for information gathering, processing and documenting. Archaeological research now has the interdisciplinary nature involving technologies based on different physical principles for retrieving information about archaeological findings. The important part of archaeological data is visual and spatial information which allows reconstructing the appearance of the findings and relation between them. Photogrammetry has a great potential for accurate acquiring of spatial and visual data of different scale and resolution allowing to create archaeological documents of new type and quality. The aim of the presented study is to develop an approach for creating new forms of archaeological documents, a pipeline for their producing and collecting in one holistic model, describing an archaeological site. A set of techniques is developed for acquiring and integration of spatial and visual data of different level of details. The application of the developed techniques is demonstrated for documenting of Bosporus archaeological expedition of Russian State Historical Museum.
Abstract. Currently, digital elevation models (DEM) created by photogrammetric method based on unmanned aerial survey data are becoming an increasingly popular product. They are used in various areas of human activity related to modelling and analysis of terrain, namely: topography, engineering and geodetic surveys, surveying, archaeology, geomorphology, etc. The accuracy of digital surface and terrain models obtained by the photogrammetric method depends on the accuracy of aerial triangulation and dense point cloud from a number of overlapping images. In turn, the accuracy of the aerial triangulation is determined by the accuracy of the measurements of the tie points, GCP's / check points and the intersection geometry. When constructing a dense cloud using the SGM algorithm, the quality of the surface/terrain model depends not only on the accuracy of point identification, but also on filtering outliers and rejecting unreliable measurements. This article presents the results of evaluating the accuracy of creating a digital elevation model obtained by various unmanned aerial survey systems on a single test area.
Commission I, ICWG I/Vb KEY WORDS: Laboratory calibration, Test-field calibration, Self-calibration, Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), Consumer cameras. ABSTRACT:Nowadays, aerial survey technology using aerial systems based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) becomes more popular. UAVs physically can not carry professional aerocameras. Consumer digital cameras are used instead. Such cameras usually have rolling, lamellar or global shutter. Quite often manufacturers and users of such aerial systems do not use camera calibration. In this case selfcalibration techniques are used. However such approach is not confirmed by extensive theoretical and practical research. In this paper we compare results of phototriangulation based on laboratory, test-field or self-calibration. For investigations we use Zaoksky test area as an experimental field provided dense network of target and natural control points. Racurs PHOTOMOD and Agisoft PhotoScan software were used in evaluation. The results of investigations, conclusions and practical recommendations are presented in this article.Recently becomes widely spread technology of aerial photography using aerial survey of systems based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a variety of digital cameras on Board. It can be "consumer" cameras with curtain-slit shutters, professional -with lamellar valves and devices with a central shutter. Among the producers and users of these aerial systems is often argued that to perform laboratory calibration, because the algorithms of modern digital photogrammetric systems (DPS) have the ability to perform self-calibration during the build process and adjustment of the triangulation. However, comprehensive studies, both theoretical and practical, in this direction was not carried out.At the Department of photogrammetry of MIIGAiK for many years conducted research of various methods of camera calibration. Below is the example of the research results of different calibration methods for camera Phase One IXU 150 mounted on the UAV Orlan-10.The results of laboratory and field calibration were compared.For laboratory calibration was used, the spatial test object and specialized software, developed at the Department of photogrammetry of MIIGAiK. (Fig. 1). Figure 1. Spatial test-object for laboratory camera calibration
М осковский государственный университет геодезии и картографии (МИИГАиК), г. Москва, 2 Государственный исторический музей (ГИМ), г. Москва 3 Евразийский отдел Германского археологического Института, г.Берлин 4 Государственный научно исследовательский институт авиационных систем (ГосНИИАС), г. Москва 5 Институт древнейшей истории университета Фридрих-Александра, г. Ерланген-Нюрнберг
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