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Background. The role of metabolic changes in the anterior eye tissues in the pathogenesis of uveal inflammation in patients with elevated intraocular pressure has been studied poorly. Of particular interest, in this respect, are free radical mechanisms, which can be a trigger of oxidant stress and cause damage to cell membranes in ocular tissues. Purpose. To study the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes and levels of lipid peroxidation products in the uvea tissues in the rabbits with experimental anterior non-infectious uveitis against the background of ocular hypertension. Material and Methods. Forty-one rabbits were divided into 4 study groups. Group 1: 10 animals with experimental ocular hypertension; group 2: 10 animals with experimental allergic uveitis; group 3: 12 animals with ocular hypertension and allergic uveitis; and group 4: 9 intact animals serving as controls. To simulate ocular hypertension in the groups 1 and 3, the animals were made a single 0.1 ml injection of 0.3% carbomer into the anterior chamber. The tissues of the uvea and the aqueous humour were studied biochemically. We estimated the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes, NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, and the content of lipid peroxides: malonic dialdehyde and diene conjugates. The data of the experimental studies were processed using parametric statistical tests with an SPSS package and Statistica 5.5 Results. The activity of pro-oxidants enzymes was increased in all uvea tissues in all study groups; the maximal NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase activity was in the animals with both ocular hypertension and uveitis. The NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase activity was increased by 51.1% and 63.9% (р<0.001), respectively, as compared with controls. Lipid peroxidation with accumulation of toxic products in the uvea and aqueous humour was noted both in the ocular hypertension-only and uveitis-only groups; however, the maximal values were in an uveitis model against the background of ocular hypertension, where malonic dialdehyde and diene conjugates were increased, respectively, by 67.0% and 54.3% (р<0.001) in the aqueous humour, and, respectively, by 93.1% and 69.1% (р<0.001) in the uvea tissues, compared with controls. Conclusions. Our findings reveal an important link in the pathogenic action of elevated IOP which burdens inflammation in the uveal tissues through the activation of oxidative and peroxidative processes. In addition, our findings support the assumption that primary high-pressure glaucoma can be a factor which worsens inflammation in the anterior eye.

Background:We have previously demonstrated that the course of inflammatory process was significantly more severe in eyes with anterior uveitis with ocular hypertension (OHT) than in those with anterior uveitis with normal intraocular pressure (IOP), which was largely due to a more marked activation of enzymes producing active oxygen as well as peroxidative processes in uveal structures of experimental animals. Aside from oxidative stress characteristics, our attention has been drawn to neopterin as a potential marker of inflammation severity and the efficacy of inflammation control. Because there is a paucity of reports focused on the potential for using this characteristic as a diagnostic criterion in ocular disorders, especially in uveitis with raised IOP, studies on this subject are important. Purpose: To assess the impact of dipeptide carnosine on the level of neopterin in the rabbit's anterior eye segment in anterior uveitis with ocular hypertension. Material and Methods: Forty-four Chinchilla rabbits (88 eyes) were divided into 4 experimental groups (group 1, 10 animals with induced OHT only; group 2, 10 animals with induced experimental non-infectious uveitis only; group 3, 12 animals with OHT induced prior to experimental non-infectious uveitis; group 4, 12 animals treated with carnosine for experimental uveitis with OHT). Rabbits of group 4 received 5% carnosine solution into the conjunctival sac, twice daily for the four weeks. The control group comprised 9 intact rabbits. Neopterin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to determine neopterin levels in uveal tract tissue, aqueous humor and tear samples according to the manufacturer's instructions. Statistica 5.5 (StatSoft, Tulsa, OK, USA) software and parametric statistical tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Neopterin levels in uveal tract tissue, aqueous humor and tear samples taken from rabbit's eyes with induced OHT only were increased compared to controls but lower than those in non-infectious uveitis only. Neopterin levels in uveal tract tissue, aqueous humor and tear samples from rabbit's eyes with induced both anterior uveitis and OHT (group 3) were 5. 2-, 3.7-and 2.4 times higher, respectively, than in controls, and 42.5% (р < 0.05), 28.5% (р < 0.05) and 23.6% (р < 0.05) higher, respectively, than in samples taken from rabbit's eyes of group 2. The carnosine treatment of induced both anterior uveitis and OHT (group 4) contributed to reduced levels of neopterin is samples under study, with neopterin levels in uveal tract tissue, aqueous humor and tear fluid being 39.4%, 38.9% and 30.2% lower, respectively, than in samples taken from rabbit's eyes of group 3 (anterior uveitis plus OHT without treatment) (р < 0.01), and 3.2-, 2.2-and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than in controls (р < 0.001). Conclusion: High neopterin levels in the uveal tract tissues and anterior chamber aqueous fluid indicated its impact on the course of inflammation in animals with induced uveitis only and especially in those with induced both uveit...

Some reports have described the low reactivity of rats to a water-escape platform during their initial exposition to the Morris water maze or Cincinnati water maze, which impedes task acquisition. To assess the attention of rats to tactile stimuli, we measured the paw tactile reactivity in rats exposed to the original water "Extrapolation Escape Task" (EET). In this test, a rat tries to dive to escape from a plastic cylinder immersed into a water tank. Only rats with high trait anxiety demonstrated tactile neglect after their initial exposition to that water locomotion task. Previous EET training, but not novelty, motivation, the physical factors of water immersion, exercise or stress influence that effect. We propose that there is a distractor effect of the difficult diving task on ordinary tactile oriented behavior in anxious rats.

Цель. Проанализировать отдаленные результаты лечения больных раком толстой кишки с инвазией в мочевой пузырь. Определить независимые факторы, которые влияют на выживаемость.Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 330 пациентов за 30-летний период c 1986 по 2015 годы, которые получили оперативное лечение по поводу злокачественных опухолей толстой кишки с инвазией в мочевой пузырь (Т3–4, N0–2, M0–1, классификация ТNM 6-е издание). В исследование не включались больные с первой стадией, а также после эвисцерации органов малого таза.Результаты. 5-летняя общая выживаемость при раке толстой кишки с инвазией в мочевой пузырь составила 52,7% (95% ДИ 46,9–59,2), безрецидивная выживаемость — 49,5% (95% ДИ 43,8% — 56%). Местный рецидив был отмечен у 22 (6,7%), отдаленные метастазы — 21 (6,4%) больного, причем сочетание местного и метастатического продолжения болезни было зафиксировано в 4 (1,2%) случаях. Медиана безрецидивной выживаемости составила 58 (95% ДИ 44–78) месяцев. При мультивариантном анализе были найдены следующие независимые факторы, которые влияют на выживаемость: возраст, пол, ССI, тип операции, послеоперационные осложнения, степень дифференцировки опухоли, резекция дополнительного органа, истинная инвазия опухоли.Выводы. 5-летняя выживаемость может быть увеличена при выполнении радикальной операции, снижении частоты послеоперационных осложнений и «экономной резекции» при соблюдении R0 границ.

Цель. Проанализировать непосредственные результаты лечения больных раком толстой кишки с инвазией в мочевой пузырь.Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 330 пациентов за 30-летний период c 1986 по 2015 годы, которые получили оперативное лечение по поводу злокачественных опухолей толстой кишки с инвазией в мочевой пузырь (Т3–4, N0–2, M0–1, классификация ТNM 6-е издание). В исследование не включались больные с первой стадией, а также после эвисцерации органов малого таза.Результаты. Всего было выявлено 97 (50%) предоперационных осложнений при раке ободочной и 53 (39%) в группе рака прямой кишки. Охват эндолимфатической антибиотикотерапией был значительно выше в группе рака ободочной кишки (p<0,05), что объяснимо высокой частотой предоперационных гнойных осложнений у данной категории больных. Первично-восстановительная хирургия (в том числе на мочевом пузыре без эпицистостомии) составила при раке ободочной кишки 181 (93,3%), при раке прямой кишки — 129 (94,9%). В 115 (34,8%) случаях резекция была произведена без вскрытия просвета мочевого пузыря. Кроме мочевого пузыря и толстой кишки дополнительно был резецирован один орган в 86 (26%) случаях, два и более — в 22 (6,7%) из 330 больных. У 297 (90%) больных удалось достичь R0 резекции, R1 и R2 резекции были выполнены в 19 (5,8%) и 17 (5,2%) соответственно. Истинная инвазия опухоли составила 94 (48,5%) случая при раке ободочной кишки и 75 (55,1%) — при раке прямой кишки. Послеоперационные осложнения были выявлены у 185 (56%) больных. I–II стадия по Clavien — Dindo составила 145 (78,4%) больных, III–IV — 40 (21,6%). Послеоперационная летальность отмечена в 7 (2,1%) случаях.Выводы. Анализ пролеченных больных в РОЦ показал, что частота осложнений достаточно высока, но нужно учитывать тот факт, что большая часть осложнений была I–II степени и не угрожали жизни больных.

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Annotation. The aim of the study is to analyze the influence of mother's reaction during psycho-emotional outbursts in children aged 15-18 on the development of adolescent aggression. The participants of the study were asked to answer the questions in the questionnaire called “The Questionnaire of Mothers of Teenagers Aged 15-18” which included a separate block of questions namely “What do you do when your child has outbursts of irritability or temper tantrums, when he/she gets extremely angry? Subsequently, the participants’ substantive responses were selected and analyzed. The study covered 864 adolescents aged 15-18 (425 people – a group of aggressive adolescents, 439 respondents – a group of non-aggressive teenagers). The analysis considered the difference in distribution between aggressive and non-aggressive groups when exposed to certain factors. Information base – international program ELSPAC – Ukrainian fragment “Family and Children of Ukraine”. Statistical processing of information – Microsoft Office 2003, 2010, “IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0”, “Microsoft Office Excel 2010”. The difference was determined at p<0.05. The analysis of the methods for raising a child used in an attempt to “quench” emotional outbursts in adolescents showed that among the studied methods of calming down a child were identified those methods that had a positive effect on his psycho-emotional state i.e. allowing him/her to cry (42.9% in the aggressive group and 57.1% in the non-aggressive group); neutral methods, for example, comforting with talking (63.6% and 36.4% by groups, respectively), and methods that had a negative impact i.e. forcing a child to go away (83.3% and 16.7%, respectively); getting into a war of words, shouting at him (71.8% and 28.2%, respectively); leaving a child with someone (65.6% and 34.4%, respectively), threatening a child (75.0% and 25.0%, respectively) or beating him/her (81.4% and 18.6%, respectively). Thus, the study found that the interviewed mothers rarely used parenting methods that have a positive effect, and vice versa, they used approaches that did not have a calming effect, which negatively influenced the psycho-emotional state of adolescents.