The article highlights the main aspects and features of the algorithm of aviation equipment operation "condition-based" with the use of ground technical means of control and on-board measuring systems and the formation of decision- making principles for further operation of aircraft. To develop methods of technical diagnostics of any technical equipment, it is necessary to identify which parameters characterize its condition and reliability as well as to establish diagnostic criteria and limit values of the controlled parameters. Depending on the nature of the parameters being controlled, there are parametric and physical methods of diagnostics. Based on the results of the diagnostics, we must get a straight answer: whether or not it is necessary to perform repairs or maintenance of the equipment being tested, taking into account the ensuring of failure-free operation before the next diagnostics. Currently, a large number of different measuring equipment that can measure signals that meet the parameters of the object of control and diagnostics are successfully used to objectively determine the technical condition of aircraft. The use of the laboratory for technical diagnostics of aviation equipment in conjunction with on-board measuring systems will provide an opportunity to make a quality technical diagnostics and reasonable conclusion to decide on further operation of the sample of aviation equipment. The use of mentioned laboratory will also predict the occurrence of failures of aviation equipment systems and units. Only a comprehensive approach to the technical diagnostics of aviation equipment with employment of all means of technical control (ground, on-board) will prevent sudden failures of aviation equipment systems.
With the development and complication of aviation objects, there is reduces the amount of free spaces required to place onboard measurement equipment. In this regard, it is important to choose the minimum dimensions of the test equipment when choosing an on-board measurement system. The process of creating fundamentally new systems for measuring and processing information during conducting flight tests is not always appropriate, labour-consuming and associated with taking considerable time. One of the traditional line of research on the improvement of economically sound using of technical means of information support of flight tests is the solution of the problem of more complete and qualitative using of the on-board measurement system for conducting tests of production (upgraded) aircraft. Various forms of functioning and interaction of test object systems, large flows of measurement information, using of a fairly sophisticated mathematical apparatus for its processing and analysis create the need for widespread use of registration and processing facilities based on the modern data carriers and PC to ensure the testing of modern AME in due time. On-board measurement results are the universal basis for further evaluation of research objects during conducting their tests. Modern live monitoring and recording systems of aircraft have the ability to accumulate a whole data file obtained during a certain operation cycle of different types of aircraft. In the foreseeable future, with a proper adaptation of the database software, the live monitoring and recording systems can be recommended for testing a wide range of aircraft that being upgraded. Database completeness is a problem that needs to be solved during the revamping of information technologies. In drawing up of database, it’s important not to make mistakes when selecting and processing key data, selecting methods of database creation, monitoring and control of the process of database operation. Modern technologies allow to collect large data volume by on-board facilities. It can be resulted in the potential options for using this information not only for operating of production aircraft, but also for testing of upgraded aircraft.
The rapid development of software and hardware complexes and the analysis of modern views in the latest publications show the need to build a promising information and measurement system using the latest achievements of software products. One of the main requirements for AME manufacturers is the ability to listen to the problems and requests faced by customers and operators in their work, in the presence of the task of increasing functionality, reducing time, meeting the requirements of unification and economy. Increasingly shorter design and development times within the framework of modern AME creation programs require error-free solutions, complying with the “ready the first time” rule. In the sector of creation of the latest AME, it is necessary to take into account not only the efficiency and goals of defense facilities, but also environmental protection measures. High-quality, well-directed, economically justified and timely testing is of decisive importance for the implementation of the main stages of the project for the creation of the newest AME. The authors of the article conducted an analysis of SCADA and Catman software products and a consideration of their features of use as a component of information and measurement systems during testing of the AME. The conducted analysis of the features of the construction and functioning of the software products of advanced developers makes it possible to draw appropriate conclusions regarding the correctness and necessity of creating promising information and measurement systems that will be used in testing complex technical systems and their components. The use of an advanced software product, ease of construction, modularity and cost-effectiveness of the system will allow the entire list of measurement works to be performed by the organization’s engineering staff without the involvement of third-party programmers, thereby reducing time and costs. Thus, the use of promising information and measurement systems built taking into account the new developments of software and hardware products will solve the issue of reducing test time, increase quality and reliability, and significantly simplify the entire list of works performed according to test methods.
У статті розкривається сучасний етап розвитку безпілотних авіаційних комплексів та особливості їх застосування у Збройних Силах України, що ускладнено відсутністю чітких однозначних вимог щодо здійснення об’єктивного контролю їх польотів. Подальше удосконалення безпілотних літальних апаратів проходитиме за рахунок застосування сучасних інформаційних технологій, передусім нових навігаційних систем, новітнього обладнання, ефективних силових установок, різного роду датчиків, що дає можливість довгострокового застосування таких літальних апаратів в різний час доби та при різних погодних умовах. При цьому першочерговим завданням залишається контроль технічного стану безпілотних авіаційних комплексів. У статті визначено, що дослідження виконувалися теоретичним методом, шляхом системного аналізу науково-технічної літератури, діючих керівних документів за напрямком дослідження та з урахуванням діючої практики при організації та здійсненні об’єктивного контролю польотів. Аналіз наявних систем та навантаження безпілотних літальних апаратів визначає необхідність створення уніфікованої вітчизняної системи об’єктивного контролю безпілотних авіаційних комплексів шляхом розробки уніфікованих бортових і наземних засобів об’єктивного контролю, що дозволить підвищити не тільки безпеку застосування безпілотних авіаційних комплексів та наддасть дієві інструменти для оцінки та прогнозування технічного стану безпілотних літальних апаратів, аналіз повноти виконання польотного завдання та дій членів екіпажу. Проведені дослідження дозволили визначити завдання системи об’єктивного контролю, можливі варіанти застосування та технічні вимоги до неї. Результати дослідження пропонується використати для створення системи об’єктивного контролю безпілотних авіаційних комплексів та її застосування в Збройних Силах України.
On-board information measurement and recording systems are designed to control the parameters of both systems and units of the prototype and the sample of automotive equipment and armored vehicles in general, to obtain qualitative and quantitative characteristics to assess their compliance with technical requirements of the request for proposal. The universal modular type on-board information-measuring system must provide acquisition, conversion and registration on the on-board drive of parametric (analog and digital), discrete, audio and video information from on- board systems of armament and military equipment (AME) sample during tests. A special place is occupied by data collection and processing systems during automotive equipment and armored vehicles tests. This is due to the need to obtain during experiments quantitative information about the characteristics of the sample and its systems on the basis of an unbiased evaluation of a significant number of values of physical quantities, which are determined experimentally. Despite the significant difference in the technical characteristics and methods of application of different types of armored vehicles, the information support of their tests has lots in common. From the technical point of view, tests of armored vehicles are a process of obtaining, converting, registering and processing of measuring information generated by on-board systems of AME test sample. The whole complex of engineering measurements instruments (ground measuring instruments, on-board measuring systems, trajectory measurement systems, telemetry systems) using common time equipment, means of acquisition and processing measuring information, control and communication is combined into a single information measuring and computing complex, which in turn allows giving an unbiased evaluation of the characteristics and features of the test object as a whole. In order to improve the quality of testing of new and upgraded sample of automotive equipment and armored vehicles, the need for a universal on-board information measurement and recording systems, its characteristics are analysed, proposals for the composition, as well as general requirements were introduced.
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