BackgroundPolyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P) belongs to the polymeric guanidine family of biocides and contains a phosphate group, which may confer better solubility, a detoxifying effect and may change the kinetics and dynamics of PHMG-P interactions with microorganisms. Limited data regarding PHMG-P activity against periodontopathogenic and cariogenic microorganisms necessitates studies in this area. Aim is to evaluate polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate antimicrobial activity in comparison to chlorhexidine.MethodsQuantitative suspension method was used enrolling Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.ResultsBoth tested antiseptics at their clinically-used concentrations, of 0.2% (w/v) and 1% (w/v), correspondingly provided swift bactericidal effects against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli andC. albicans, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis with reduction factors higher than 6.0. Diluted polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate and chlorhexidine to 0.05% continued to display anti-bacterial activity and decreased titers of standard quality control, periopathogens to below 1.0 × 103 colony forming units/ml, albeit requiring prolonged exposure time. To achieve a bactericidal effect against S. mutans, both antiseptics at all concentrations required a longer exposure time. We found that a clinically-used 1% of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate concentration did not have activity against L. acidophilus.ConclusionHigh RF of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate and retention of bactericidal effects, even at 0.05%, support the use of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate as a biocide with sufficient anti-microbial activity against periopathogens. Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate displayed bactericidal activity against periopathogens and S. mutans and could potentially be applied in the management of oral diseases.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12941-015-0097-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) phosphate irrigation in periodontal treatment. Materials and Methods: The subjects comprised 59 patients with severe chronic periodontitis. Plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket probing depths (PPD) were recorded. The subjects were randomly allocated to one of three groups for scaling and root planning, with different adjunctive irrigants: 1% PHMG phosphate (19 subjects), 0.2% chlorhexidine (21 subjects) and distilled water (19 subjects). Patients were recalled after two weeks, one month and then after 4, 6 and 12 months. Results: In all groups, treatment resulted in considerable improvement of the observed clinical parameters. There were no intergroup differences in plaque index and BOP at any time point, but significant differences in PPD at one, four and six months. By the end of the study no intergroup differences in PPDs persisted. While post study surgical treatment needs decreased in all three groups, no intergroup differences were observed in the number of deep periodontal pockets. Conclusions: Irrigation with PHMG phosphate significantly reduces PPDs in the short-term, but has no significant long-term effect on the mean pocket depth.
FEATURES OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE -7, -8, -13, -14 EXPRESSION IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF PERIODONTITIS
MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE -14 AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE -13 ARE THE POTENTIAL MARKERS OF THE CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
Цель -установление значения ММР8 для диагностики и определения характера течения периодонтитов на этапе манифестации заболевания путем морфометрической оценки характера ее экспрессии в биопсийном материале. Материал и методы. Проанализирован биопсийный материал десен 156 пациентов: группы сравнения (гингивиты n=7), быстропрогрессирующего (n=64), хронического простого (n=23) и хронического сложного (n=62) периодонтитов. Морфометрический и статистический анализ экспрессии ММР8 выполнен с использованием Aperio Image Scope v 9.0 и Statistica 10.0, р<0,05. Результаты. Экспрессия ММР8 имела место во всех группах патологии периодонта в виде цитоплазматического окрашивания фагоцитов и очагово фибробластов. Выявлена прямая взаимосвязь позитивности (ρ=0,59) и интенсивности (ρ=0,52) стромальной экспрессии ММР8 с вовлеченностью эпителиального компонента в процесс воспаления. Наибольшая вариабельность с максимальной позитивностью и интенсивностью экспрессии ММР8 была выявлена в группе пациентов с быстропрогрессирующим периодонтитом (до 83%), уменьшалась до 63% и 54% в группе сравнения и хронического сложного периодонтита и не превышала 20% в группе хронического простого периодонтита. При комплексной оценке биопсийного материала в 4-6 случайных полях зрения в каждом случае позитивность и интенсивность экспрессии ММР8 была наибольшей в группе пациентов с признаками гингивитов, уменьшалась при хроническом простом и быстропрогрессирующем периодонтитах и была наименьшей в группе хронического сложного периодонтита. Заключение. Наиболее информативными показателями для определения характера течения периодонтита на стадии манифестации заболевания и дифференциальной диагностики быстропрогрессирующего с хроническим простым и сложным периодонтитами являются интенсивность и позитивность экспрессии ММР8 соответственно.
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