The KISS1 / KISS1R signaling system can serve as a regulator of metastasis of tumors and is a potential prognostic marker of tumor processes. The action of kisspeptin10 on the Era-negative non - malignant breast epithelial cells or KISS1R expression in these cells can induce passage to the mesenchymal phenotype and to stimulate the invasiveness. The level of expression of KISS1 in remote breast cancer metastases is lower than in the primary tumor: methylation of the KISS1 promoter may be one of the reasons for the decrease of the expression of mRNA and KISS1 protein in the cells of breast cancer metastases in the brain. The clinical significance of KISS1 lies in the prediction of involvement in the neoplastic process in the lymphnodes. Features of expression of KISS1 / KISS1R in Era-positive tumors give hope for the emergence of new approaches to the treatment of these tumors. The level of KISS1 expression can serve as a molecular marker predicting the quality of tumor response to Tamoxifen therapy, especially in postmenopausal women.
Objective:an immunohistochemical analysis of the features of expression, distribution and interaction of E-сadherin and β-сatenin proteins in primary mammary tumors.Materials and methods.The study group consisted of 148 relevant patients with breast cancer (BC), including patients with metastases in lymph nodes (n = 12) and liver (n = 45). E-сadherin and β-сatenin expression on BC cells was determined using immunohistochemical method with specific antibodies.Results.It was shown that the reduction and the total absence of E-сadherin expression was observed much more often in patients with BC with metastases in liver, than in patients without metastases (70 % of cases versus 30 % of cases respectively). An increase of cytoplasmic immune reactivity and a nuclear translocation of β-сatenin are found in more than 80 % cases of BC with metastases.Conclusion.The changes in the expression of E-сadherin and β-сatenin in tumor cell can be considered as factors of a non-favorable prognosis of BC. The emergence of β-сatenin expression indicates the activation of a signaling pathway which is triggered by the aberrant expression of epithelial cadherins leading to an increased mobility and invasion of tumor cells.
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