There is a pressing issue related to combined oral introduction of heavy metals into a human body with drinking water and food products. It is caused by food products contamination, very high probability that metals migrate into water and plants from soils, ambient air, etc. The research goal was to hygienically assess combined oral introduction of heavy metals with drinking water and food products with subsequent population health risks assessment. The authors analyzed long-term data on structure and volumes of food products consumption and assessed population exposure under combined oral introduction of heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and lead) contained in drinking water and food products. Data were obtained from a regional information social-hygienic monitoring database and a regional office of the Federal Statistics Service. Both regional products and products delivered from other regions (or countries) were analyzed. It was detected that population in the region consumed food products per 1 person a year in a quantity which was by 93 kg higher than on average in the country. Calculated concentrations of the examined substances in food products and drinking water corresponded to hygienic standards. Dairy products had the first rank place as regards a contribution made into the overall exposure to lead, cadmium, and arsenic. The second and the third place belonged to vegetables and melons and grocery respectively. The first rank place as per a contribution made into the overall exposure to mercury belonged to vegetables and melons; the second place, to grocery; the third place, to dairy products. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that hazard quotients related to heavy metals contents in food products and drinking water were within acceptable risks limits. Total carcinogenic risk (TCR) was unacceptable (1.5Е-03.). A number of additional oncologic diseases in the region could reach 557 cases (during 70 years) under the worst scenario.
The ranking of municipal formations of the Orenburg region on the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the colon, rectosigmoidal junction and rectum, and the level of carcinogens in food and drinking water has been ranked. Based on average concentrations, the total coefficients of carcinogens supplied with drinking water from centralized water supply and food products were calculated. Priority carcinogens have been identified in drinking water and food products that affect the occurrence of colon cancer, rectosigmoidal connective and rectum, as well as the risk area, with an increased incidence of colon cancer, rectosigmoid and rectal cancer caused by a carcinogenic load in drinking water and food Products.
There have been developed models of multiple regression predicting cancer morbidity under the influence of carcinogens of drinking water, atmospheric air and soil. The environment quality assessment during the period from 2001 to 2010 was carried out on the basis of the laboratory research results realized in the framework of social hygienic monitoring. The most significant pollutants were revealed: cadmium, xylol and benzene in atmospheric air, nickel in drinking water and soil, oil products in water. The complex environment quality assessment detected that concentration of xylol in the air had an impact on the oncological morbidity in all localizations under study. The cancer morbidity of the mammary gland was proved to be the most ecologically dependent.
Íåêîòîðûå àñïåêòû ëå÷åíèÿ àìáëèîïèè ó äåòåé À.Ä. ×óïðîâ-ä-ð ìåä. íàóê, ïðîôåññîð, äèðåêòîð 1 Å.Ë. Áîðùóê-ä-ð ìåä. íàóê, ïðîôåññîð, äèðåêòîð Èíñòèòóòà ïîñëåäèïëîìíîãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ 2 À.Å. Âîðîíèíà-êàíä. ìåä. íàóê, çàâåäóþùàÿ íàó÷íî-îáðàçîâàòåëüíûì îòäåëîì, äîöåíò êàôåäðû îôòàëüìîëîãèè 1, 2
Background: The incidence of endocrine diseases, eating and metabolic disorders has been increasing recently. The prevalence and structure of pediatric and adolescent endocrine disorders are significantly different from those in adults and have specific regional features. Objective: To study the frequency, structure, and long-term changes in the rates of hospitalization of the child population for diseases of the endocrine system in the Orenburg Region and to assess local features of disease incidence and prevalence. Materials and methods: We analyzed data on all pediatric cases (aged 0–18) of hospital care for endocrine disorders provided by the regional office of the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund for 2016–2020. We also applied the Ward’s hierarchical clustering method to establish local peculiarities and to group municipalities by the rates and dynamics of endocrine diseases in children. Results: The average rate of hospitalization for endocrine disorders was 3.8 cases per 1,000 children and accounted for almost 3.9 % of all types of hospital care. The proportion of inpatients among children aged 0 to 14 years was higher than that among adolescents. Metabolic disorders (34.0 %), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (22.3 %), hypofunction and other pituitary disorders (12.6 %), obesity and other types of overnutrition (7.1 %), and undernutrition (5.7 %) prevailed in all hospitalized children. The patterns of pediatric and adolescent inpatients differed significantly. The analysis of the prevalence of endocrine disorders in children and its long-term changes enabled clustering of the territories of the Orenburg Region.Conclusions: Three distinct clusters of territories were established in the analysis of local rates of endocrine diseases in children. The first cluster was characterized by moderate disease rates, while the second and the third clusters demonstrated high and low incidence and prevalence rates of pediatric and adolescent endocrine disorders.
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