Grain productivity of rice is significantly reduced by dangerous disease – blast. Therefore, the development of resistant high yielding rice varieties with the Pi group of genes is important. Use of molecular markers linked with the loci of resistance significantly optimizes the breeding process. The purpose of the research is to develop rice lines combining 2-6 loci of resistance to blast: Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, Pi-ta, Pi-b, Pi-40 by molecular marking. Materials and Methods. As donors of resistance genes foreign samples were used, recipient – Russian varieties. In the studies we used micro-satellites markers and PCR analysis. Results. In the first stage of the research as a result of hybridization domestic lines with genes Pi-l, Pi-2, Pi-33 were obtained. At the second stage – hybrids with all 3 genes were developed. In the third stage genes Pi-b and Pi-ta and on the fourth – Pi-40 were introduced. Conclusion. As a result, rice genotypes, combining 6 loci of blast resistance were developed with use of marker assisted selection.

Salt tolerance of rice is of great importance in agricultural production, since productivity of grain grown on saline lands largely depends on it. The paper deals with determining the presence of salt tolerance gene “Saltol” in rice hybrids obtained from crossing contrasting samples. To analyze salt tolerance, there were used seeds germinated in cups with distilled water and 1.5% NaCl solution, after which 10-day-old seedlings were weighed and their ratio to the control was determined. As a result of studies, there have been identified salt tolerant lines carrying the gene “Saltol” in a homozygous state. In the control nursery there were studied the best samples on productivity and elements of its structure. Two lines “7328” and “7322” were selected from the hybrid IR 52713-2B-8-2B-1-2 x Novator which significantly exceeded the standard variety “Yuzhanin” on 0.57-1.28 t/ha. On average for 2 years, they produced 6.82-7.53 t/ha (6.25 t/ha of the standard variety).

The article concentrates on studying tolerance to soil salinization, water flooding, and blast in Russian and Asian rice varieties, as well as hybrids of the second and third generations from their crossing in order to obtain sustainable paddy crops based on domestic varieties using DNA markers. Samples IR 52713-2B-8-2B-1-2, IR 74099-3R-3-3, and NSIC Rc 106 were used as donors of the SalTol tolerance gene. Varieties with the Sub1A locus were used as donors of the flood resistance gene: Br-11, CR-1009, Inbara-3, TDK-1, and Khan Dan. The lines C101-A-51 (Pi-2), C101-Lac (Pi-1, Pi-33), IR-58 (Pi-ta), and Moroberekan (Pi-b) were used to transfer blast resistance genes. Hybridization of the stress-sensitive domestic varieties Novator, Flagman, Virazh, and Boyarin with donor lines of the genes of interest was carried out. As a result of the studies carried out using molecular marking based on PCR in combination with traditional breeding, early-maturing rice lines with genes for resistance to salinity (SalTol) and flooding (Sub1A), suitable for cultivation in southern Russia, were obtained. Introgression and pyramiding of the blast resistance genes Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, Pi-ta, and Pi-b into the genotypes of domestic rice varieties were carried out. DNA marker analysis revealed disease-resistant rice samples carrying 5 target genes in a homozygous state. The created rice varieties that carry the genes for blast resistance (Pentagen, Magnate, Pirouette, Argamac, Kapitan, and Lenaris) were submitted for state variety testing. The introduction of such varieties into production will allow us to avoid epiphytotic development of the disease, preserving the biological productivity of rice and obtaining environmentally friendly agricultural products.

Азово Черноморский инженерный институт ФГБОУ ВО «Донской ГАУ», г. Зерноград, Ростовская об-ласть, РоссияВ статье представлены результаты генетического анали-за признака «высота растений» по шести комбинациям скрещивания с участием форм, относящихся к разным подвидам риса. Определены типы наследования и число генов, участвующих в детерминации данного количе-ственного признака. Установлено, что различия по при-знаку «высота растения» определятся 3-5 парами генов с аддитивным и доминантным действием, степень до-минирования уменьшается при увеличении различий между родительскими формами. Появление трансгрес-сивных карликовых и высокорослых форм обусловлено неаллельным взаимодействием генов исходных форм. Степень трансгрессивных по высоте растений была бо-лее высокой у гибрида Lampo × Вираж (61,7%), что свя-зано с низкорослостью обеих родительских форм, а ча-стота трансгрессии, наоборот, была выше у гибрида Lampo × Командор (17,6%). В этой комбинации было больше высокорослых форм (до 135 см). Выщепление в F 2 большого числа высокорослых форм свидетельствует о том, что родительские формы данных гибридов раз-личаются по аллельному состоянию нескольких пар генов, которые, комбинируясь в различных сочетаниях, сформировали фенотипы с более длинным стеблем. Та-ким образом, у сортов Lampo, Командор и Вираж полу-карликовость детерминируется разными неаллельными генами Ключевые слова: РИС, ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ, КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫЕ ПРИЗНАКИ, НАСЛЕДОВАНИЕ, ВЫСОТА РАСТЕНИЙ, ТРАНСГРЕССИИ

Представлены результаты изучения коллекции суходольного риса в лаборатории селекции и семеноводства риса ФГБНУ «АНЦ «Донской» на базе СП «Пролетарское» Ростовской области. Образцы выращивали на засушливом и нормальном фонах орошения. Цель исследований -использование коллекционных источников засухоустойчивости риса для селекции продуктивных, скороспелых, маловодотребовательных сортов, устойчивых к длительному пересыханию почвы и воздушной засухе. Изучены коллекционные образцы риса в условиях периодического орошения, выделены образцы с повышенной засухоустойчивостью: Золотые всходы (Россия), Маловодотребовательный (Узбекистан), Ан-Юн-Хо, Дин-Сян, Контро, Хун-Мо, Чан-Чунь-Ман (Китай) и др. Выявлены абсолютные и относительные различия в проявлении количественных признаков у семи суходольных образцов, особенно выделились Хун-Мо, Дин-Сян, Чан-Чунь-Ман. Максимальный интегральный показатель устойчивости оказался у образца Хун-Мо (69,1%), а минимальный -у Ан-Юн-Хо (53,6%). Наибольшее соотношение величины признака в засушливых и нормальных условиях в среднем по всем сортам было по массе 1000 зерен (97,1%), затем в порядке убывания расположились высота растения (81,7%), длина метелки (76,8%), урожайность (63,4%), масса зерна с метелки (42,3%), количество выполненных зерен на метелке (38,1%) и количество пустых колосков на метелке (21,6%). Таким образом, в наименьшей степени снижается масса зерновки, а в наибольшей -количество колосков в метелке. Проведены скрещивания суходольных образцов с лучшими сортами по четырем комбинациям. Размножены образцы риса для дальнейшего изучения в условиях периодического орошения. Выделившиеся образцы риса включены в селекционную программу по созданию маловодотребовательных сортов риса для условий Ростовской области.

The article shows the results of a morpho-biological study of rice cultivars grown in the fields of the Rostov Region under drought conditions and normal water supply. The aim of the research is a comparative structural analysis of rice samples under conditions of soil and air drought and under normal flooding with water. The formation of quantitative traits in plants under normal watering conditions and with a moisture deficit occurred in different ways. Under drought conditions, compared with the norm, the yield decreased (67.9% of the norm), the number of plants to be harvested per 1 m2, the mass of the panicle, the mass of 1000 grains; increased bushiness, the number of spikelets on the panicle and its density, the growing season “flooding with water – flowering”. The number of empty spikelets on a panicle and the percentage of empty grain increased especially strongly. The values of the remaining studied characteristics were at the same level in both variants of the experiment. The maximum yield in dry conditions was formed by the varieties Boyarin (4.43 t/ha), Contact (4.53 t/ha), Zolotye vshody (4.60 t/ha) and Sukhodol (4.60 t/ha). Drought-resistant forms that can be used to create dry-land rice varieties have been identified.

Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. The development of new rice varieties requires a thorough study and involvement of gene pool from different countries in breeding work. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a mutual ecological testing of the rice varieties in the Rostov region of Russia (FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”) such as ‘Akustik’, ‘Aromatik 1’, ‘Aromatny’, ‘Kuboyar’, ‘Yuzhanin’ and the Ugandan (NaCRRI) ‘Nerica 1’, ‘Nerica 4’, ‘Komboka’, ‘Wita 9’. These samples have shown a wide range of resistance to blast and other diseases. The research was carried out in the Proletarsky district of the Rostov region. As a result, the rice varieties were studied for a number of important economic and biological traits. The growing season from sowing to ripening was 131–139 days for two varieties ‘Nerica 1’ and ‘Nerica 4’ under the conditions of the Rostov region, and 110 days for the standard variety ‘Komandor’. The other two varieties ‘Komboka’ and ‘Wita 9’ were very late maturing and did not bloom. All samples had a modern low-growing plant habit with upright rigid leaves and long drooping panicles (17–23 cm). Plant height of the Ugandan varieties ranged from 70 to 90 cm. The grains were elongated with 29–31 mg of weight. Number of spikelets per panicle was 85 and 200, respectively. The varieties ‘Nerica 1’ and ‘Nerica 4’ were used in hybridization with the Russian varieties ‘Kontakt’ and ‘Boyarin’. The preliminary study of Russian rice varieties in Uganda showed that RU 105 (‘Aromatny’) and RU 101 (‘Aromatik 1’) were resistant to rice yellow spot virus (‘RYMV’), blast and brown leaf spot. The varieties were selected for further study in the conditions of Uganda.

Rice is a valuable agricultural crop that is used as food for more than half of the world's population. The development of highly productive varieties and hybrids with high product quality assumes the utilization of new initial material from different countries in the breeding process. The purpose of the current research was to conduct an ecological testing of the rice varieties from Uganda in the Proletarsky district of the Rostov region in Russia and use them in the breeding process. There were studied the Ugandan rice samples ‘Nerica 1’, ‘Nerica 4’, ‘Komboka’, ‘Wita 9’, ‘Namche 1’, ‘Namche 2’, ‘Namche 3’, ‘Namche 4’, ‘Namche 5’, ‘Namche 6’ (NaCRRI) in comparison with the Russian variety ‘Komandor’ (FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”). The study of the Ugandan rice varieties according to a number of economically valuable traits and biological properties showed that the vegetation period from soil flooding to rice maturing took 100–113 days, the standard variety ‘Komandor’ needed 83 days. The varieties ‘Komboka’ and ‘Wita 9’ did not bear blossom. All samples had a short habit, with 63-95 cm of plant height. The long drooping panicles of 18.5–22.3 cm carried from 122 to 213 seeds. The caryopses were elongated, the length of the caryopses varied from 9.0 to 9.5 mm, and the width ranged from 2.7 to 3.1 mm. 1000 seed weight varied from 26 to 34 g, number of seeds per panicle ranged from 122 to 213 pieces. Genetic analysis of the second generation hybrids ‘Kontakt × Nerica 1’ and ‘Boyarin × Nerica 4’ showed different types of traits’ inheritance, from negative dominance (vegetation period) through the absence of dominance (caryopses size) to overdominance (plant height, seed weight per panicle and number of seeds per panicle).