Introduction. Vinyl chloride, which has a polytropic effect on the human body is the main harmful substance in the production of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics (after 5 years) of the cytokine profile and autoimmune response against the proteins of the nervous tissue in workers with continued chronic exposure to toxicants. Material and methods. The paper presents the results of a laboratory immunological examination of those working in the production of vinyl chloride with an average level of occupational risk caused by exposure to vinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethane. Results. The character of cytokine regulation disorders in a primary examination in healthy workers and persons with initial manifestations of neurointoxication with vinyl chloride is characterized by a rise in proinflammatory IL-1β and IL-4 with a simultaneous decrease in IL-2 and TNFα, and a more pronounced hyperproduction IL-1β against the background of a decline in IL-4 and IL-2. At repeated examination 5 years after the increase of immunity intensity in healthy workers and disbalance in the system of pro - antiinflammatory cytokines in persons with initial manifestations of neurointoxication was registered, which determines the different degree of the manifestation of compensatory and protective responses that do not allow the full implementation of protective mechanisms in the case of chronic exposure. Discussion. A more pronounced decrease in immunoreactivity relative to the proteins of the nervous tissue in workers with initial manifestations of neurointoxication in the dynamics of chronic effects of production factors is shown. The results obtained made it possible to identify informative biomarkers (IL-1β, TNFα, INFγ, IL-4, S-100, NF-200, TMP) that allow us evaluating the degree of the expression of compensatory-protective responses of the immune response and can be used to monitor the development of the pathological process. Conclusion. Identification of the leading immunopathogenetic factors of neurological deficiency can be the basis for elaborating a method for predicting the individual risk of developing professional neurointoxication.
Objectives: The aim of this work is to perform comparative estimation of cytokines levels in chlorinated hydrocarbons and metallic mercury exposure in employees in the dynamics of neurologic disorders formation. Material and Methods: The contents of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ were determined in blood sera using the method of hardphasic immunoferment analysis. The significance of different average values was assessed using the parametric and non-parametric criteriaStudent (in normal distribution) and Mann-Whitney tests taking into account the Bonferonni correction (non-difference from normal distribution). Results: It was shown that, a number of inflammation mediators with the dominance, depending on the expositional toxicant and expression of neurological deficiency, take part in the neurointoxication development. Healthy employees show pro-inflammatory responses with different expression degree, which dominate in the immune regulation processes regardless of the expositional factors (metallic mercury vapors and chlorinated hydrocarbons). Conclusions: The production intensity and interconnection between the pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines may change in the occupational injuries of the nervous system development process. The decrease in the serum concentrations of cytokines along with the increase of clinical manifestation severity may prove dysregulation of the immune system, which promotes maintaining of pathological process and progradient process of neurointoxication. The most obvious is the imbalance of cytokines in the employees exposed to metallic mercury (in all the examined groups) that increases neurointoxication in the distant period.
The laboratory immunologic study covered 106 male workers of aluminium industry, aimed to reveal features of changes in serum immunoglobulines and cytokines levels in accordance with occupational bronchopulmonary disease type: chronic nonobstructive bronchitis, chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), bronchial asthma. General trend in the revealed changes in the patients with bronchopulmonary diseases is increased serum levels of Ig (IgA, IgM, IgG), anti-infl ammatory cytokines (IL–1b, IL-8) and lower production (TNF-a, IL-4). Findings are multidirectional changes INF-g responsible for inflammatory response mobilization — that was increased vs. reference values in bronchial asthma patients, and in chronic nonobstructive bronchitis patients was lower than in reference group, and higher than in patients with COLD. The changes revealed were associated with disordered ratio IL-4/INF-g. Differences were observed for pleiotropic IL-2: it was hyperproduced in the workers with chronic nonobstructive bronchitis, but in the bronchial asthma and COLD patients it was decreased vs. the reference group and vs. the chronic nonobstructive bronchitis patients. The authors justified informative criteria of bronchial asthma diagnosis.
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