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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most popular crops in the world. About 40 phytopathogenic viruses have been identified on potato in various countries and regions with various natural and climatic conditions. The situation is compounded by the fact that many viral infections persist and accumulate in wild and weedy plants. The viruses spread speed depends on the transmission method, the quickest virus transmission method being flying insects. We have identified 27 species of wild weeds from 13 botanical families. PLRV potato virus (potato leaf roll virus) and PVY (potato virus Y) were detected on the perennial sow thistle (Sonchus arvensis). On the wild camomile (Tripleurospermum inodorum) - PVS (potato virus S), belonging to the Flexiviriadae family, genus Carlavirus. The PVY virus was found on meadow clover (Trifolium pratense typus L.), wild spin (Chenopodium album L.), dooryard plantain (Plantago major L.), upland cress (Barbarea vulgaris W.T.Aiton), ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L). Potato mosaic group viruses were detected by PCR method in Lygus pratensis and Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata. Thus, it was identified a pathobiocenosis that includes pathogens – PVY, PVS, PLRV, vectors – Lygus pratensis and Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata and susceptible to infection organisms, which are wild weeds – Sonchus arvensis and Tripleurospermum inodorum, Trifolium pratense typus, Chenopodium album, Plantago major, Barbarea vulgaris, ambrosia artemisiifolia are virus reservoirs.

Relevance. Potato ladybug is a polyphagous pest. Its distributed throughout the Far East, in India, Korea, Japan and the countries of South America. Most affected by it are potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, zucchini, peppers, cucumbers, pumpkin, melon, beans. Leaving the veins intact pest eats the soft tissue of the leaf. Such leaves die quickly. Potato ladybug is a carrier of some diseases of potato and it also causes damage to plants. But insecticides pollute products and sustainable insect populations. The use of varieties with high resistance to pest damage eliminates the need for mass application of insecticides.Methods. The data on a preliminary assessment of potato varieties of domestic and foreign selection for resistance to a twenty-eight-point potato ladybug Henosepilachna vigintiomaculata Motch. (Fabricius, 1775) in the Primorye Territory. This work aim work was a preliminary assessment of the traditional potato breeding resistance factors to pest damage. The experiment out using generally accepted methods for the study and evaluation of potato varieties for pests with minor modifications was carried.Results. As a study result it was found that Belmonda, Labella, Red Lady, Queen Anna, Lilly, Sante varieties were the least suitable for passing the stages of ontogenesis and nutritional nutrition of the pest. The most tolerant to the pest – varieties Smak, Casachok, Yantar. The maximum mortality of potato ladybug larvae was observed in varieties Belmonda, Dachny, Augustin, Yubilyar, Labella, Sante, Koroleva Anna, Laperla in laboratory experiment. Minimum on varieties Smak, Casachok, Yantar, Red Lady. The data indicate the manifestation of an antibiotic barrier in potatoes, which must be confirmed by a field experiment.

В последние десятилетия большое внимание уделяется наличию фенольных веществ (антоцианов) в картофеле (Solanum tuberosum L.), поскольку эта культура рассматривается как продукт для диетического питания. В России такие сорта созданы для ряда регионов возделывания, но в условиях Дальнего Востока работы по увеличению содержания антоцианов в клубнях картофеля начаты недавно. В представленном исследовании с применением методов жидкостной хроматографии и масс-спектрометрии второго порядка мы идентифицировали антоцианы и измерили их содержание у сортов картофеля разного происхождения (Россия, Украина, Беларусь, Казахстан, Германия, Нидерланды), которые ранее не были охарактеризованы по этому признаку. Впервые выделены четыре сорта российского происхождения с повышенным содержанием антоцианов для диетического использования. Целью работы было определение профилей антоцианов и их содержания в клубнях в условиях российского Дальнего Востока. В качестве материала использовали 22 сорта, отобранных по раннеспелости, продуктивности, с низким содержанием крахмала, разной окраской клубней и венчика соцветия. Антоциановые профили анализировали методом двойной идентификации: по времени удерживания на обратнофазной колонке С18 с детектированием в диапазоне длин волн 400-700 нм и методом масс-спектрометрии второго порядка в режиме положительной ионизации с последующей фрагментацией ионов. В клубнях изученных сортообразцов выявлены дельфинидин, петунидин, мальвидин, цианидин и пеларгонидин. Дельфинин и цианидин обнаружены в двух формах-в моно-и дигликозилированной. Наиболее распространенным антоцианом оказался петунидин-3-глюкозид, он присутствовал почти во всех исследованных образцах. Установлено, что антоциановый состав клубне изменяется в зависимости от сорта и может включать от одного до пяти антоцианов. Сорта с желтой окраской кожуры и розовыми пятнами на желтой кожуре клубня характеризовались незначительным содержанием антоциановых компонентов. Исследования показали, что розовая и темно-розовая окраска кожуры определяется содержанием в ней пеларгонидин-3-глюкозида. Петунидин-3-гликозид и цианидин-3-глюкозид придавали кожуре фиолетовую и сине-фиолетовую окраску. Среди исследованных сортов наибольшее содержание антоцианов отмечено в сортах Фиолетовый (цианидин-3-глюкозид-310 мг/кг, мальвидин-50 мг/кг, дельфинидин-30 мг/кг), Василек (петунидин-3-глюкозид-150 мг/кг), Маяк (пеларгонидин-95 мг/кг) и Кузнечанка (пеларгонидин-78 мг/кг). В селекции картофеля на повышенное содержание антоцианов рекомендуем использовать сорта с розовой, темно-розовой, фиолетовой и сине-фиолетовой кожурой.

Relevance. One of the most common diseases of potatoes and other nightshade family species is late blight caused by a pathogenic oomycete of the Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. At least 100 species of phytophthora have been described in nature, affecting a wide range of plant species. The phytophthora population is heterogeneous and is represented by races, as well as different types of mating. This leads to a rapid adaptation of the pathogen and the emergence of new, more aggressive, and resistant races. Phytophthora is a parasite, the damage from which cannot be avoided within the organic farming framework. Therefore, it is particularly important to know the pathogenesis and racial composition of phytophthora in each individual region of Solanaceae cultivation.Research methodology. Differentiation and collection of material from the natural population were carried out using potato varieties with known R-genes in the genome. Isolation and introduction into the culture were carried out from leaves with the dampening chambers method, followed by cultivation on nutrient media. The pathogen was identified by microscopic analysis. Culture filtrates were obtained on the liquid nutritious medium, followed by liquid filtration and autoclaving. Phytotoxic activity was determined by the effect on the seedlings of the nightshade, grass, and pea families by the standard method. Molecular genetic analysis of the isolates was carried out by ISSR analysis; the primer, amplification mixture, and temperature profile of the reaction were selected according to the literature data; the calculation of genetic characteristics was carried out using POPGENE software packages.Results. Samples of seven Phytophthora infestans isolates were collected and introduced into culture. As a result of in vitro cultivation, morphological differences were revealed, expressed in the structure and color of the mycelium, the shape of the colonies, the nature of sporulation, the color of the reverse, and the medium under the colonies. The genetic differences of the natural phytophthora material introduced into the culture, collected from potato varieties with single resistance genes (R1, R3, R4), were revealed. Differences in the phytotoxic activity of the studied isolates' cultural filtrates were revealed. The isolated isolates demonstrate differentiation at the phenotypic, genetic and physiological levels, which allows us to speak about their belonging to races.

Background: Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata is a polytrophic pest, causing the greatest damage to plants from the nightshade family. The study aimed to research the resistance of potato cultivars that are promising for breeding to damage by a potato ladybug in laboratory and field experiments. Methods: In laboratory experiments, the indicators of fertility, mortality and duration of development, morphological anomalies and the effect of potato varieties on the composition of Epilakhna’s hemolymph were studied. The sample consisted of 50 individuals with a slight predominance of females. The experiment used 13 varieties of potatoes. Result: A specific dependence of the frequency of phytophage anomalies on the variety was revealed. The influence of nutrition on survival and the timing of ontogenesis has been established. The results obtained indicate the high breeding value of the material when recommending it for cultivation in regions with a high number of pests, as well as when creating new varieties.

The bioresource collection of potato of the Common Use Center of the FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far east named after A. K. Chaika” was studied. Source varieties of various origins were selected. The objects of research were 300 varieties and hybrids of domestic and foreign selection. The purpose of the research was to identify valuable source material for breeding in the conditions of Primorsky Krai basing on a comprehensive study of the collection of potato varieties and hybrids. Blakhit, Vulkan, Debryansk, Emelya, Zhavoronok, Zarevo, Krasavitsa Bryanschiny, Lakomka, Mustang, Rosinka, Serpanok and Fermer were selected as the most efficient male parent forms. Variety sources that have economically valuable traits were included in targeted breeding. Promising hybrids were selected: Pri-11-31-24 Debryansk х Krasavitsa Bryanschiny, Pri-17-18-7 Lakomka х Fermer, Pri-08-11-1 Rosinka х Zhavoronok, Pri-12-4-11 Emelya х Krasavitsa Bryanschiny, Pri-12-35-4 Debryansk х Mustang, Pri-12-43-13 Blakhit х Mustang, Pri-11-12-5 Blakhit х Zarevo, Pri-11-14-25 Blakhit х Vulkan, Pri-12-47-15 Serpanok х Vulkan.