BackgroundBrucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease. Annually in the world more than 500,000 new cases of brucellosis in humans are registered. In this study, we propose an evolutionary model of the historical distribution of B. melitensis based on the full-genomic SNP analysis of 98 strains.ResultsWe performed an analysis of the SNP of the complete genomes of 98 B. melitensis strains isolated in different geographical regions of the world to obtain relevant information on the population structure, genetic diversity and the evolution history of the species. Using genomic sequences of 21 strains of B. melitensis isolated in Russia and WGS data from the NCBI database, it was possible to identify five main genotypes and 13 species genotypes for analysis. Data analysis based on the Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography method allowed to determine the regions of geographical origin and the expected pathways of distribution of the main lines (genotypes and subgenotypes) of the pathogen.ConclusionsWithin the framework of our study, the model of global evolution and phylogeography of B. melitensis strains isolated in various regions of the planet was proposed for the first time. The sets of unique specific SNPs described in our study, for all identified genotypes and subgenotypes, can be used to develop new bacterial typing and identification systems for B. melitensis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4762-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Given are the results of assessment of epidemiological and epizootiological situation on brucellosis in the Russian Federation in 2015. It is characterized as challenging. Compared to 2014 (368 cases, intensive index -0.26), recorded is 5.1 % increase in the number of people infected with brucellosis (393 cases, intensive index -0.27). The highest incidence rates among the population are registered in the NorthCaucasian, Southern and Siberian Federal Districts, where the main source of infection is cattle and small ru minants. Revealed is a significant rise in brucellosis incidence in the Stavropol region too. External epidemiological risks, associated with the intensification of cooperation in the supply of livestock products from the Mediterranean countries, Middle East, and South America, which are endemic as regards cattle brucellosis, will remain pressing. Given the sustained adverse epidemiological and epizootic situation, taking into account the internal and external risks of infection with brucellosis, brucellosis incidence among the population is predicted to be within the range of 390-420 cases.
Analysis of dynamics of brucellosis incidence among humans and animals in the Russian Federation is presented. Evaluation of epizootiological and epidemiological situation on brucellosis in the Russian Federation in 2006-2010 is given. Epizootiological and epidemiological situation on brucellosis was demonstrated to be unfavorable in a number of Federal Districts that allows to predict the increase of its incidence among farm animals and humans.
Analysis of brucellosis morbidity rates in humans and animals across the Russian Federation in 2017 is presented. Epidemic situation on the infection is characterized as unstable, the incidence and number of people with brucellosis are reduced in reference to the average long-term indicators by more than 20 %, against the background of epizootic situation aggravation as regards brucellosis of farm animals. There are cases of group outbreaks of brucellosis in the Stavropol Territory, Lipetsk and Penza Regions. According to the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance, analysis of the cumulative epizootic state of the population of epidemically significant species of cattle and small cattle in 2017 defines the risk of brucellosis in the Russian Federation as “high.” In 2018, the unstable epidemic situation on brucellosis will remain; there is high probability of outbreaks with cluster human incidence, including in the territory that is free from brucellosis. Predicted for 2018 morbidity rates on brucellosis in humans will be below the level of the average long-term morbidity and may be within the range of 330–360 cases.
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