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Introduction: Women and men experience sleep differently and the difference in intrinsic desire for sleep might underlie some of the observed male-female differences. The objective of this crosssectional questionnaire study of university students was to determine male-female differences in self-reported sleepiness and sleep-wake patterns. Methods: Five questionnaires were completed by 1650 students at four Russian universities. Results: Compared to male students, female students reported a lower subjective sleep quality score, had a higher morning sleepability score and lower nighttime and daytime wakeability scores. They more often reported excessive daytime sleepiness and expected to be sleepier at any time of the day with the largest male-female difference around the times of sleep onset and offset. On free days, they reported a longer sleep duration and an earlier sleep onset. Free-weekday difference was larger for sleep duration and smaller for sleep onset. Such male-female differences showed similarity to the differences observed in university and high school students from different countries around the globe. There was no signiicant male-female difference in weekly averaged sleep duration, weekday sleep duration, hours slept, midpoint of sleep on free days, freeweekday difference in sleep offset, social jetlag, and morningness-eveningness score. Therefore, when studies rely on these self-reports, the most salient male-female differences might not be immediately evident. Conclusions: It seems that the intrinsic desire for longer sleep duration might contribute to a higher susceptibility of female students to weekday sleep loss. Among these students, negative effects of reduced sleep duration might be more common and more detrimental.

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Carotid glomectomy in rats reduced daily water consumption and increased daily consumption of NaCl solution. Sham operation did not modify water and salt consumption. Intraperitoneal injection of angiotensin-II did not stimulate drinking motivation in the majority of rats subjected to carotid glomectomy. Injection of angiotensin-II to sham-operated and intact animals induced active consumption of both fluids during one hour. These results attest to the involvement of the carotid body in the regulation of consumption of water and sodium ions (the main elements of osmotic blood pressure) and the involvement of angiotensin-sensitive receptors of carotid body cells in the formation of thirst and salt appetite motivation, regulated by the renin-angiotensin system.

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The nasal cavity surgery are usually traumatic surgery. Septoplasty leads to reactive inflammation, edema and hypoxemia. In the present study, we study the response of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), its role in changing behavioral reactions, as well as possible mechanisms of impairment of cognitive and adaptive reactions in rats after trauma to the nasal septum mucosa. The nasal septum mucosa was scarified in 10 adult mongrel male rats. The day before surgery and 2 days after surgery animals were tested in the square-shaped “open field” (OF) and electrocardiogram (ECG) in 1 hour before OF. ANS condition was analyzed by the high-frequency component of the heart rate (HF) and the low-frequency component of the heart rate (LF). The correlation of HF & LF with rat behavior in the open field before and after surgery was performed. Simulation of septoplasty in rats provokes a powerful stress response in the form of a sharp imbalance of ANS towards its PNS on the 2 postoperative day. Changes in behavioral and research reactions of rats in OF are manifested in a decrease in research activity, a display of uneasiness, depression-like state, as well as anxiety.

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