The impact of trauma of the mucous membrane of the nasal septum in rats on behavioral responses and changes in the balance of the autonomic nervous system (pilot study)

Abstract

The nasal cavity surgery are usually traumatic surgery. Septoplasty leads to reactive inflammation, edema and hypoxemia. In the present study, we study the response of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), its role in changing behavioral reactions, as well as possible mechanisms of impairment of cognitive and adaptive reactions in rats after trauma to the nasal septum mucosa. The nasal septum mucosa was scarified in 10 adult mongrel male rats. The day before surgery and 2 days after surgery animals were tested in the square-shaped “open field” (OF) and electrocardiogram (ECG) in 1 hour before OF. ANS condition was analyzed by the high-frequency component of the heart rate (HF) and the low-frequency component of the heart rate (LF). The correlation of HF & LF with rat behavior in the open field before and after surgery was performed. Simulation of septoplasty in rats provokes a powerful stress response in the form of a sharp imbalance of ANS towards its PNS on the 2 postoperative day. Changes in behavioral and research reactions of rats in OF are manifested in a decrease in research activity, a display of uneasiness, depression-like state, as well as anxiety.

Modeling Septoplasty and Sensory Deprivation in Rat Olfactory Analyzer and Its Impact on the Responses of the Autonomic Nervous System

“…The close connection of this HRV component with metabolism is confirmed by the relationship between diurnal changes in the concentration of the adipocyte hormone leptin in blood serum and diurnal changes in the VLF component of HRV [19]. The obtained difference between the groups can be explained by the fact that under conditions of complete deprivation of the olfactory analyzer, rats develop an anxiety state, and motor activity increases, since the olfactory analyzer in these animals is the leading one in cognition of the environment [8].…”

“…Traditionally, frequency domain analysis of HRV reveals two or more peaks, a lower frequency (<0.15 Hz) and a higher frequency peak (>0.15 Hz), which are generally correlated with sympathetic and parasympathetic effects on cardiac activity, respectively. The decrease in HF compared to LF and the increase in VLF, which are observed simultaneously with changes in the behavior of rats under stress [8,13], can be explained by the effect of post-surgical inflammation. High LF values in the bulbectomy group indicate a decrease in the activity of the SNS in the regulation of cardiac activity against the background of deprivation of the central part of the olfactory analyzer.…”

“…It is believed that heart rate variability reflects the affective physiological cognitive and behavioral aspects of the pain syndrome [7,8], as well as a number of infectious diseases [9][10][11], that is, the presence of a particular intensity of the inflammatory process in the body. According to modern data, the central autonomic neural network is a functional integrated model involved in tonic, reflex and adaptive control of autonomic functions [12].…”

Expression of the P53 Protein and Morphological Changes in Neurons in the Pyramidal Layer of the Hippocampus After Simulation of Surgical Interventions in the Nasal Cavity in Rats

“…Morphological changes in the hippocamp are confirmed by our previous studies, which showed that septoplasty simulation in rats provokes the development of many stress reactions [34] and even a breakdown in adaptation [35]: an increase in the number of dark neurons [36], the expression of the p53 protein [3], a significant release of corticosterone into the blood plasma [37], and an increase in degranulation of mast cells [38], disturbances in the balance of the autonomic nervous system [37,39,40], changes in behavior when testing rats in an open field [9], the appearance of anxiety and a depressive-like state [37,[41][42][43].…”

Role of Septoplasty as a Stressor in P53 and Dark Neurons Formation During Septoplasty Simulation in Rats

“…Morphological changes in the hippocamp are confirmed by our previous studies, which showed that septoplasty simulation in rats provokes the development of many stress reactions [34] and even a breakdown in adaptation [35]: an increase in the number of dark neurons [36], the expression of the p53 protein [3], a significant release of corticosterone into the blood plasma [37], and an increase in degranulation of mast cells [38], disturbances in the balance of the autonomic nervous system [39,40], changes in behavior when testing rats in an open field [9], the appearance of anxiety and a depressivelike state [41].…”