The production of pedigree seeds is not only an important but also a cost-effective means of increasing the yield and efficiency of agriculture. The genetic potential of varieties can be unlocked only by choosing those adaptive to the soil and climatic conditions in a particular region, using modern tools for plant protection, and applying balanced mineral nutrition. These are the most important factors determining the performance. In the course of breeding and genetic work, the Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops (FSC LGC) has created new soybean varieties, whose high biological and economic potentials are combined with resistance to stress factors. Despite the close relationship between productivity and growing season duration, the highly productive and early-ripening (100–115 days) soybean varieties raised at FSC LGC can yield 2.5 to 3.5 t/ha, the grain having high contents of protein (37–42 %) and fat (18–22 %), depending on the climatic conditions in a particular year of cultivation. They are less temperature-sensitive than other domestic or foreign varieties. It is important that our soybean varieties are not genetically modified. New pea varieties created at FSC LGC in 2015–2020 differ in growing season duration and morphological features. They are adaptable to the soil and climatic conditions of a region, which ensures the maximum realization of their potential. The main factor in increasing yields and stabilizing the production of buckwheat and millet grain in the Russian Federation is the creation and adaption of new earlyripening and high-yielding varieties of the determinate type adapted to the specific natural and climatic conditions of different regions of Russia.
Представлены данные об испытании сортов озимой пшеницы разных экологических групп: Немчиновская 57 (Москва), Фаворитка и Василина (Украина), Краснодарская 99 и Вита (Краснодар), Ларс (Германия). Выделены наиболее адаптивные и урожайные сорта для возделывания в северной части ЦЧР России и дана оценка эффективности некоторых технологических приемов на урожай и качество зерна.
Based on multi-location tests with different edaphic and climatic conditions and process approaches to the cultivation of field crops (Oryol, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh), the article dwells on the algorithm of a systemic approach to studying the individual characteristics of 17 varieties and samples of winter wheat, and shows the principles of their selection to form a single system for the purpose of stabilising the production of high-quality grain. Ecological approaches to the assessment of individual characteristics of different wheat varieties allowed identifying bottleneck issues related to the implementation of their adaptive potential, behaviour in the single system of agrobiogeocenosis, specifying the influence of the genotype–environment interaction on the manifestation of individual characteristics. The understanding of these issues makes it possible to develop a process sequence beneficial for the formation of genotypes with high productivity. Following the analysis, the breeds Leonida, Grom and Nemchinovskaya 85 wheat varieties were identified as promising for production in Central Russia. They showed high productivity and proved to be close in terms of sensitivity to growing conditions. In addition, a new wheat variety, Nemchinovskaya 85, demonstrated high quality of grain product. Izumrud Dubovitskogo and DF2020 varieties were distinguished by a high level of adaptive properties, expressed as their superiority in severe conditions of the Volga region and regions with a low level of soil moisture during grain filling. The study also suggests high processability and narrow limits of ecosystem boundaries when using Stork and Sineva wheat varieties in production, which most fully implemented their potential only in the system of intensive cultivation technologies with moderate to increased soil-moisture regimen in the second half of the vegetation season.
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