Представлены данные об испытании сортов озимой пшеницы разных экологических групп: Немчиновская 57 (Москва), Фаворитка и Василина (Украина), Краснодарская 99 и Вита (Краснодар), Ларс (Германия). Выделены наиболее адаптивные и урожайные сорта для возделывания в северной части ЦЧР России и дана оценка эффективности некоторых технологических приемов на урожай и качество зерна.
The paper presents the results of two and three years of research on the effectiveness of organic and mineral complex fertilizers and their combination with protectants for pre-sowing treatment of seeds and vegetative plants of new varieties of lentils, chickpeas and soybeans. It is established that the use of the above-mentioned agrochemicals as foliar top dressing is promising and agroeconomically justified. Grain harvest increases depending on the crop: lentils - from 0.22 to 0.39 t/ha, chickpeas – from 0.2 to 0.61 t/ha, soybeans – from 0.18 to 0.24 t/ha providing income from 450 to 15860 thousand rubles/ha with the payback of fertilizers spent by grain, which is significantly higher than at applying complex fertilizers in rows.
It was revealed that promising technique in the cultivation technology of lentil is used for pre-treatment of seeds growth stimulator Alfastim at a dose of 80 ml per 1 ton of seeds, and for the correction of mineral nutrition of lentils during the growing season with the foliar application method we should use agrochemicals LLC "Polydon Agro" the return on which (rubles/rubles) by 3.0–12.2 times more than when applying fertilizers to the soil.
The expediency of pre-sowing treatment of chickpea seeds with a chemical protectant Scarlet, ME in combination with non-root top dressing with multicomponent mineral fertilizers of the Ultramag Combi type in the phase of 6-7 leaves of the crop providing effective protection against seed and soil infection and increasing (by 0.53-0.61 t/ha) grain yield was reliably established.
It is shown that the use of the growth stimulator Alfastim in the processing of soybean seeds at a dose of 50 ml per 1 ton and the microfertilizer Polydon BIO in the budding phase at a dose of 1 l/ha provides a higher productivity of soybean plants with a level of profitability of 228-234% at low costs.
<p>Buckwheat, sown in warmed soil, quickly sprouts, grows and successfully competes with annual weeds. However, such agronomic practice does not always lead to a good grain yield, because a powerful, abundantly flowering buckwheat plants often give only a minimal amount of seeds due to a lack of moisture in the upper layer of soil during flowering. This behavior of buckwheat is described as "overgrowth (with poor seed formation)". This phenomenon is caused by the relative weakness of the root system of this species: the specific feature of buckwheat is a very fast transition to formation of secondary roots, which gives advantages at the first stages of development, but restricts the roots growth later. Buckwheat flowering is stretched in time. First half of this developmental stage which is most important for the grain yield is coincided with the most intensive vegetative growth. The lowered temperature at the seedlings stages slows the growth of the aboveground biomass and accelerates the growth of the roots that at later stages favorably affects the conditions for seeds development and, respectively, the grain yield. It explains why early sowing time is favorable for the grain yield of buckwheat.</p>
The paper presents the results of three years of research on the use of various organic and mineral fertilizers for foliar feeding of Druzhina variety buckwheat in the Oryol region. It is noted that the use of complex organic and mineral fertilizers of LLC Polydon Agro: Alfastim, Polydon Boron, Polydon Potassium Plus, Polydon Bio, Polydon NP for pre-treatment of seeds and leaf fertilizing provides an increase in grain yield by 0.19-0.40 t/ha. The share of this factor influence was 12.8-16.9%, depending on weather conditions during the growing season. The positive effect of seed treatment with the biological stimulant Alfastim on buckwheat yield is shown: grain harvest from 1 ha of crops increased by 0.04-0.31 t/ha.
It is established that foliar fertilization with organic fertilizers of LLC Polydon Agro is economically justified: with a small consumption (1.6-5.6 t/ha), additional grain collection provides income from 4.90 to 6.02 thousand rubles/ha.
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