No abstract

A review of the epidemiology of clinical rubella in the Perm region of the Russian Federation from 1979-97 showed that the incidence was about 220 cases per 100,000 population. Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) accounted for 15% of birth defects and for about 3.5 cases of CRS per 1000 live births per year. Surveys of the seroepidemiology of rubella infection revealed that the susceptibility rate among pregnant women (i.e. rubella virus antibody haemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assay titres < 10) was 16.5%. As serum rubella antibody HAI titres > or = 10 both prevented infection in pregnant women and protected their foetuses, serological testing has been introduced into the routine antenatal services. Pre-existing rubella antibodies were found not to interfere with the immune response to vaccination, so selective immunization was provided to girls approaching puberty and to women of childbearing age. A programme of epidemiological surveillance is being developed to define tactics for the widescale introduction of rubella vaccination.

государственная фармацевтическая академия» Минздрава России 2 ФГБНУ «НИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И. И. Мечникова», Москва 3 ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера» Минздрава России Эпидемический паротит в России: эпидемическая ситуация, основные задачи и пути решения Резюме Актуальность. Во втором десятилетии XXI века эпидемический паротит по-прежнему привлекает внимание ученых и практиков всего мира своей эпидемиологической, социальной и экономической значимостью. Установлено повсеместное, но неравномерное распространение паротитной инфекции в различных регионах мира: в Европе, Восточном Средиземноморье, Юго-Восточной Азии, Африке, Америке и западной части Тихого океана. Цель работы. Осветить современное состояние заболеваемости эпидемическим паротитом в Российской Федерации. Выводы. Современная эпидемическая ситуация по эпидемическому паротиту в Российской Федерации, характеризующаяся преобладанием в возрастной структуре заболеваемости подростков и лиц молодого трудоспособного возраста, определяет необходимость разработки и внедрения в медицинскую деятельность стандартного определения клинического случая эпидемического паротита для правильной верификации диагноза с последующим лабораторным подтверждением. Появление феномена «повзросления» эпидемического паротита и регистрация периодических вспышек в многолетней практики вакцинации диктует необходимость совершенствования дальнейшей тактики вакцинопрофилактики с акцентом на взрослое население в рамках реализации Национального календаря профилактических прививок.

Background. Monitoring of documented vaccination is one of the indicators of the epidemiological supervision quality of preventive vaccination. It is crucial for epidemical situation prevention. Objective. The aim of the study is to estimate immunization and immunization coverage levels according to National Immunization Schedule (NIS) for children population in Russia. Methods. Immunization rates were estimated according to preventive vaccination cards (form №063/y) and children development cards (form №112/y) among children aged from 6 months to 15 years in 8 towns of Russia. Immunization was determined by the ratio of people who has fully performed all the vaccines from NIS (version of the year 2014), while immunization coverage – by the ratio people who has received at least one dose of corresponding vaccine. Results. The study has included data from 2,687 vaccinated children. The highest levels of immunization and immunization coverage were against tuberculosis (98.1% each), hepatitis B (85.9% and 96.5%), measles, mumps and rubella (84.4% and 93.9%). Immunization against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus significantly differed from their immunization coverage (60.5% and 94.9%), as well as for poliomyelitis (65.0% and 94.9%). Relatively low immunization and immunization coverage levels were observed for pneumococcal infection (27.6% and 47.1%) and influenza (5.8% and 30.5%). The increase in the immunization level with age was observed for all vaccines, except pneumococcal vaccine. Conclusion. Immunization and immunization coverage against infections included in NIS vary significantly. The highest immunization and immunization coverage levels for all age groups were revealed for tuberculosis vaccine, and the lowest — for influenza vaccine.

The article presents the results of the open comparative randomized clinical study performed in children aged 3 to 17 years which were immunized with the Russian vaccine «EnceVir»® possessing the reduced antigenic load accordingly to emergency vaccination protocol. The aim of the study was to assess reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine. The vaccine is characterized by a low reactogenicity profile, the high profile of safety, adequate immunogenicity, and it is not yielding to foreign vaccine «FSME-Immun Inject / Junior»

Objective. Using the data obtained in Perm Region as an example, to identify the effectiveness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (HME) at different periods from the onset of the disease, and to determine the role of HME in the structure of infections transmitted by ixodic ticks using PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Materials and methods. A thorough clinical and epidemiological examination of 583 patients with acute febrile diseases developed after the suction of ticks was carried out. To detect E. muris DNA, 1586 whole blood samples were examined by PCR at different periods from the onset of the disease. For the purpose of serological verification of HME, all patients were examined with ELISA for the presence of immunoglobulins M and G against E. chaffeensis. Results. In total, using the PCR method, ehrlichial DNA was detected in 76 (4.8 %) blood samples from 53 patients. Based on two research methods (ELISA and PCR) HME was diagnosed in 58 (9.9 %) persons, while in 50 (86.2 %) of them, the diagnosis was confirmed only by PCR. The timing of E. muris genomic material detection in the blood of patients varied from 1 to 58 days from the moment of the disease. The greatest effectiveness of PCR (up to 69.4 % of positive samples) was noted by us from the 1st to the 7th day of illness. HME was found in the form of monoinfection in 9 (15.5 %), mixed infection in 49 (84.5 %) persons. The following was revealed: HME+Ixodid tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) in 35 (60.3 %), HME+ITBB+Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) in 6 (10.3 %), HME+ITBB+HGA+Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in 4 (6.9 %), HME+TBE in 2 (3.5 %), HME+TBE+ITBB in 2 (3.5 %). Conclusions. In the diagnosis of HME, PCR significantly increased the number (up to 86.2 %) of confirmed cases, and most often in the acute period of the disease (up to 69.4 15.3 % of positive samples in the first week of the disease). For laboratory verification of HME, it is advisable to combine ELISA with the PCR method, especially in case of negative results of serological studies.

Analyzing mumps incidence worldwide, we revealed that all European countries are endemic to this viral

Objective. An important role in the prevention of diseases, the causative agents of which are transmitted by ixodic ticks (tick-borne encephalitis, ixodic tick-borne borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic erlichiosis) is assigned to non-specific measures. To prevent infection by all pathogens of these infections at the same time, nonspecific preventive measures are of paramount importance. They include the extermination of hungry ticks on the vegetation of relatively small areas of natural biotopes, forest parks, health institutions, recreational areas, summer cottages or gardens; individual protection of the population from ticks and awareness-raising work. Materials and methods. The data of official statistics and materials of long-term observation of epidemic process were analyzed. Results. Despite the fact that since 2016 according to official data, there is observed a phase of decreased activity of the epidemic process of tick-borne infections, statistical analysis shows that in the forthcoming years an activation of epidemic situation is expected. Conclusions. In order to prevent tick attacks, specialists of medical organizations, departments of Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation should intensify sanitary and educational work on non-specific protection of the population. In addition to standard activities, it is important to organize schools, courses for the public, schoolchildren, tourists and other population groups for the prevention of tick-borne infections, including the development of skills for correct tick removal using the Tick Removal Trainer and an algorithm for emergency measures in specific situation.