Introduction. The problem of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease among the working population today remains the most urgent. One risk factor for arterial hypertension (AH) is exposure to high levels of noise and vibration in the workplace. Along with occupational risk factors, hereditary predisposition makes a significant contribution to the development of AH. In the pathogenesis of AH, a special role is played by genes that determine the synthesis of angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin receptor type 1 (AGTR1), etc.The aim of the study was to study the polymorphism of genes of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the development of hypertension in workers exposed to physical factors (noise and vibration) in the workplace.Materials and methods. A survey of 123 men working in «Kolomna plant» (KP), 84 of them-workers who were exposed to physical factors, and 39 people who are not in contact with harmful industrial factors. Th e presence/absence of GD, the age of its beginning, blood pressure, heart rate, the total experience of work on the KP in harmful conditions were assessed on outpatient cards. Molecular genetic studies of polymorphic genes of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (ALU Ins/Del of ACE gene, M235T of AGT gene, a1166c of AGTR1 gene) were carried out for all examined patients.Results. The results of correlation analysis showed the presence of a significant (р<0,05) relationship between AH and noise γ=0.42 p=0.0004, total vibration γ=0.57 p=0.002, heating microclimate γ=0.57 p=0.01. The correlation between the presence of polymorphic variant M235T AGT gene and GB γ=0.35 p=0.001, as well as levels of SAD γ=0.28 p=0.00054 and dad γ=0.29 p=0.00053 in the group of workers exposed to noise was revealed. A significantly higher prevalence of the SS genotype of the AGT gene was also found in the group of workers with AH compared to carriers of the TT variant χ2=6.18 p=0.013 and all carriers (SS+ST) of the C allele compared to carriers of the allele T χ2=6.0 p=0.014. An Association between increased SAD and the presence of the ACE gene allele D (Alu Ins/Del) and the AGTR1 gene allele C (A1166C) in individuals exposed to noise and vibration in the workplace was revealed.Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the multifactorial nature of hypertension, the importance of occupational factors in the formation of AH, primarily noise and vibration, and genetic factors: homozygous variant of the CC gene AGT (Met235Th r), the presence of the d allele of the ACE gene (Alu Ins/Del) and the C allele of the AGTR1 gene (A1166C).
В статье охарактеризовано современное состояние проблемы воздействия свинца на здоровье работающих, указаны перспективные направления дальнейших исследований. На основе данных углубленного обследования работников свинецперерабатывающего предприятия доказана стадийность адаптации организма работника к воздействию свинца, обоснована необходимость установления новых допустимых значений биомаркеров воздействия свинца на организм работающих в контакте со свинцом. Доказана значимость в комплексе профилактических мероприятий правильного использования средств индивидуальной защиты, мер личной гигиены, а также эффективность применения пектина в лечебно-профилактическом питании. Учитывая комбинированное воздействие свинца на организм работающих современных предприятий, показана важность оценки микроэлементного гомеостаза. Подтверждена значимость расширения спектра определяемых биомаркеров эффекта при проведении биологического мониторинга и для оценки генетически обусловленной чувствительности к воздействию свинца.
The formation of a healthy lifestyle is one of the most important tasks of disease prevention. Among the factors that negatively affect the health of the population, smoking is of great importance. The influence of smoking on the formation of occupational diseases in workers in harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions has not been sufficiently studied. Based on the knowledge of the pathogenesis of common diseases, it can be assumed with a high degree of probability that smoking can provoke the development of occupational pathology of the respiratory organs, malignant neoplasms, vascular pathology.The aim of the work was to study the clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis, characterizing the state of the bronchopulmonary system, in smokers and non-smokers who had long-term contact with industrial dust, as well as to analyze the literature data on the impact of smoking on the development of occupational lung diseases in workers exposed to asbestos dust.Materials and methods of research. In the clinic “Research Institute of Occupational Medicine named after Academician N.F. Izmerov”, 55 workers were examined under the influence of industrial aerosols of fibrogenic action. The group of smokers consisted of 45 people: 25 people were coal miners, 20 people were foundry workers. The group of non-smokers consisted of 10 people: 6 coal miners and 4 foundry workers. The severity of the course of professional and non-professional chronic bronchitis in patients was assessed taking into account the clinical manifestations and frequency of exacerbations of the disease, as well as taking into account the severity of respiratory disorders and gas exchange disorders.Results and discussion. In the group of smoking patients, 93,3% had occupational chronic bronchitis, 6.7% had no such pathology. In the group of non-smoking patients with and without occupational chronic bronchitis, there were equally – 50,0%. In the group of smoking patients, 55,5 of the examined patients had respiratory insufficiency of the II degree; 15,5% were diagnosed with respiratory insufficiency of the III degree; cases without respiratory function impairment (DN0 art.) were only 8,8%. In the group of non-smoking patients, grade II DN was more than three times less frequent, amounting to 20,0%, while 40,0% had grade 0 DN and 40,0% had grade I DN; grade III DN was never diagnosed in this group of patients.Conclusion. Smoking, as an independent factor, can play a significant, and in some cases, obviously, a determining role in the development and progression of chronic bronchitis in people exposed to industrial aerosols.The health risks associated with tobacco should be taken into account as an integral part of the assessment of the risks of developing occupational diseases.
Introduction.Metabolic syndrome (MS) is currently considered as aninterdisciplinary medical problem, which is due to its wide prevalence and interrelation with the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. It is of interest to study the combination of MS and respiratory diseases due to their common pathogenetic mechanisms.Objectiveis to assess an importance of studying MS in patients with occupational respiratory diseases and a possibility of using laboratory parameters as risk markers for developing occupational respiratory diseases and metabolic syndrome combination.Materials and methods.The results of examination of 257 patients with occupational bronchopulmonary pathology were analyzed. Additional tests in patients with occupational asthma (OA) included levels of serum leptin and polymorphisms of inflammatory process regulation genes (interleukins–4, 6, 10, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin receptor).Study results and discussion.MS was detected in 58.7% of patients with occupational bronchial asthma (OA), in 44.1% of patients with occupational chronic bronchitis, in 48.6% of patients with occupational COPD, and in 38.7% of patients with pneumoconiosis. MS components appeared to be associated with respiratory function parameters. Role of Gln223Arg polymorphisms of leptin receptor gene and C3872T of CRP gene in development of leptin resistance has been confirmed. Findings are that genotype CC (C174G) of IL–6 gene gets 2.5-fold increase of MS development risk (OR=2.507, 95% CI=1.045–6.017), the presence of three or more cytokine gene polymorphisms 2.4 times increases the need to use systemic steroids to control OA (OR=2.449, 95% CI=1.127–5.324).Conclusion.Measures aimed to prevent the development of metabolic disorders in workers exposed to industrial aerosol are at the same time measures to reduce the risk of developing respiratory diseases and to prevent progression of existing diseases. Using informative laboratory markers can optimize treatment and preventive measures, taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism.
Introduction. The safety of exposure to the population of a growing number of sources of electromagnetic fields everywhere, both in work and at home, has become a public health problem. This article presents the results of research on the study of the potentially adverse effects of electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency on the reproductive system of personnel of energy supply institutions. The aim of the study is to explore the possible adverse effects of electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency on the male reproductive system. Materials and methods. The object of the study was 144 employees engaged in the repair and operation of power grid facilities and 40 employees who are not exposed to electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency. To assess laboratory parameters, blood samples were taken, followed by determination of the levels of total testosterone, free testosterone and globulin binding sex hormones. Results. The subjects of the main group revealed a high incidence of prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis. The employees of the main group had lower concentrations of sex hormones (p<0.05) in relation to similar indicators of the control group. A negative correlation was revealed between the levels of total, free testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin with experience (r=-0.36 p=0.009; r=-0.264 p=0.06; r=-0.349 p=0.01, respectively). Limitations of the study. The study is limited by the number of highly trained workers exposed to electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the negative impact of electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency on the reproductive system of employees engaged in the repair and operation of power grid facilities. With an increase in the length of service of employees, a decrease in the concentration of globulin binding sex hormones, total and free testosterone was found. Among workers exposed to electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency, a high prevalence of prostate pathologies was revealed.
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