The article presents the results of a 3-year experiment to study the soil structure with the combined use of insecticides and a humic preparation. Crops were peas (Pisum sativum) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinum). The experiment was carried out in 2019–2021 at the experimental fields of the Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, located in the Rostov region in the south of the European part of Russia (47°21′ N, 39°52′ E). Soil was Calcic Chernozem Loamic. The studies were carried out both without fertilization and with the use of mineral fertilizers (N40P40K40). Sowings of leguminous crops were treated with a mixture of insecticides and a humic preparation in the phase of bean formation. The humic preparation BIO-Don10 was obtained according to the authors’ technology by alkaline extraction from vermicompost—a product of manure processing by compost worms of the Eisenia foetida species. The preparation contains salts of humic acids and fulvic acids in the amount of 1.9 g/L; the concentration in the mixture with the insecticide was 0.002%. An increase in the structure and water resistance coefficients was observed. A decrease in the block fraction and an increase in the total number of agronomically valuable aggregates were substantiated. It was found that in the cultivation of legumes, the application of mineral fertilizers had a negative effect on the structure of the soil, while, when using pesticides, the structure was preserved better by the end of the growing season. The revealed patterns can be associated with the activity of microorganisms participating in the hydrolysis of organic compounds that stabilize soil aggregates.
Целью исследований являлось выявление оптимального сочетания способов основной обработки почвы, фона удобрений и плотности посевов, способствующих повышению продуктивности яровой тритикале в почвенно-климатических условиях приазовской зоны Ростовской области. Актуальность исследований вызвана необходимостью совершенствования элементов технологии выращивания яровой тритикале. Направленность работы-выявление оптимального сочетания факторов, оказывающих воздействие на условия вегетации растений, практическое использование новых, урожайных сортов, способствующих раскрытию потенциала тритикале в зоне недостаточного увлажнения и получению высокой и стабильной продуктивности культуры на юге России. Исследования проводились на опытном стационаре Федерального Ростовского аграрного научного центра (ФГБНУ ФРАНЦ («ДЗНИИСХ»)) в 2016-2018 гг. При проведении исследований использовались общепринятые методики. Установлено, что при выращивании нового сорта Саур наибольшая урожайность обеспечивалась в условиях отвального способа основной обработки, фона удобрений N80Р80K80 и нормы высева семян 5 млн шт./га, составив 26,9 ц/га. При аналогичных нормах удобрений и высева семян в варианте чизельной обработки урожайность зерна была меньше на 1,0 ц/га, или на 3,7 %. Лучшая окупаемость 1 кг внесенных удобрений прибавкой урожая имела место на среднем фоне минерального питания (N40Р40K40) при всех изучаемых способах основной обработки почвы и норах высева семян, составив 4,17 кг/кг. В условиях дефицита энергетических и минеральных ресурсов, наряду с вариантом «отвальный способ основной обработки, высокий фон удобрений (N80Р80K80) и норма высева семян 5 млн шт./га», возможно применение менее энергозатратной чизельной обработки и среднего фона минерального питания, обеспечивающего наиболее эффективное использование удобрений. Ключевые слова: яровая тритикале, норма высева, удобрения, обработка почвы, урожайность, прибавка, окупаемость, эффективность.
The article presents the results of an experiment (2016—2019) to study the influence of humic preparation on the effectiveness of insecticides of various chemical classes. Phytosanitary monitoring, pests count before and after treatment were carried out in addition to calculating the biological efficiency of insecticides; the impact on chickpea productivity and nutrition regimen was considered against the background of the chemical protection system with the inclusion of the humic preparation BIO-Don10. Harmful objects are cotton budworm (Helicovera armigera Hb) and bean aphid (Aphis fabae). It was found that the pyrethroid class preparation is more effective against cotton scoop. The reduction in bean damage is 93.7%. The efficiency of organophosphorus compounds does not exceed 45.0% in view of the developed stability. The preparations under study showed high efficiency against bean aphid, the decrease in aphid numbers is 93.9 and 90.9% respectively. Humic preparation did not affect this indicator, but allowed to increase the saved crop on the option with pyrethroid by 46.4 - 56.0%, with dimethoate by 29.6 - 40.0%.
Genotyping of 29 species of genus Helianthus L., including 5 annual and 24 perennial species from the collection of the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources has occurred, for this purpose were selected 52 SSR markers, with localization on all the 17 linkage groups of the sunflower genome. All the studied sunflower samples had unique SSR loci banding patterns. The mean PIC value varied was 0,72, which indicates the high resolution of this SSR based system for sunflower nuclear genome investigations. The discriminatory power of the marker system allowed us to classify all the sunflower species and provide the molecular barcoding. The UPGMA dendrogram, reflecting the genetic differences between 29 species of the genus Helianthus L., was constructed. Allele distribution data of the studied sunflower samples is a database that can be used to determine the levels of genetic variability, provide molecular barcoding and control the genetic integrity of collection sunflower samples.
No abstract
The Rostov region ranks second in the Russian Federation in terms of the volume of products produced, yielding only to the Krasnodar Territory, while the region is in the zone of risky agriculture, which hinders the production of crop products. A significant part of the region's territory is occupied by agricultural land, therefore, the condition and quality has not only environmental, but also economic significance. Over the past 10 years in the Rostov region, there has been an orientation towards the production of grain crops in all categories of farms, which leads to the need to develop not only effective, but also rational methods and technologies of land use. When analyzing data on yields, fertilization and the amount of grain products produced, it can be concluded that the volume of production is influenced by the yield and the amount of fertilizers applied, 84.1% of the total area of the region is treated with mineral fertilizers. The lands of the Rostov region are subject to natural erosion (water and wind), and also constantly experience anthropogenic influence: plowing of the territory, irrigation, use of pastures. This attitude leads to a decrease in land potential, a decrease in soil productivity, dehumification, erosion, etc. conditions. Researchers of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FRANTS are engaged in developments in the field of technologies for growing crops, agriculture, and plant protection. In the scientific center, highly productive varieties of grain and leguminous crops have been bred, recommendations have been developed for soil treatment, fertilization, methods of combating weeds, plant diseases and pests, tests of new progressive equipment and technologies for cultivating agricultural crops are being carried out. Everything that forms rational land use. The article discusses the main structural changes in the distribution of sown land by major crops. The research carried out made it possible to determine the principles of rational land use, which are based on the use of modern soil protection technologies and scientific achievements in the field of plant growing, agriculture, and plant protection.
The authors conducted research to identify and systematize the principles of development of agricultural consumer cooperation in the agricultural sector of Russia. In particular, it was noted that the agrarian reforms, the processes of integration of the country into the global economic space and the struggle for leadership in the global agri-food market led to the emergence of new forms of economic interaction, including agricultural cooperation, and forced a new perception of the principles of development of agricultural producers traditional for the socialist economy. In this paper, special attention is paid to the principles of state regulation of the activities of small businesses. Within the framework of the presented scientific development, the above-mentioned principles were refined taking into account the new economic reality and supplemented with the principles of the project approach in management. The proposed new managerial tools of state regulation of the agricultural sector based on the principles of the design approach will help to focus the efforts of governments at all levels to achieve concrete results in the framework of the National project "Creation of system of support of farmers and development of agricultural consumer cooperation", but also transfer to small businesses in the advanced level of development.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.