Background: The cognitive control network (CCN) is widely considered to be a frontoparietal circuit that is involved in executive function. This study aimed to investigate the structural and functional plasticity within the CCN in unilateral frontal gliomas, which are associated with the protection of executive functions.Methods: To detect structural and functional changes within the CCN, we measured gray matter (GM) volume, regional homogeneity, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), degree centrality, and functional connectivity within the CCN in 37 patients with gliomas invading the left frontal lobe (n = 16) or the right frontal lobe (n = 21) and 40 healthy controls (CNs). Partial correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between the altered structural and functional indices and executive function.Results: When the tumor invaded the left frontal lobe, the patients showed reduced ALFF in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) within the CCN and increased ALFF in the right superior parietal cortex (rSP) within the CCN compared to the CNs. When the tumor invaded the right frontal lobe, the patients showed significantly increased GM volume and ALFF in the left superior parietal cortex (lSP) within the CCN compared to the CNs. Furthermore, the patients showed significantly increased functional connectivities between the lSP and the dmPFC and between the lSP and the rSP within the CCN compared to the CNs. Increased ALFF in the lSP within the CCN was positively correlated with executive function.Conclusions: Tumors invading the frontal lobe induced contralesional structural and functional reorganization within the posterior CCN in patients with unilateral frontal gliomas. This further suggests that the contralesional superior parietal cortex acts as a functional compensation hub within the CCN, which may protect it against the detrimental effects of tumor invasion on executive functions.

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Objective This study aimed to investigate the characteristic of brain structural connections in glioma patients and further evaluate the relationship between changes in the white matter tracts and cognitive decline. Methods This retrospective study included a total of 35 subjects with glioma and 14 demographically matched healthy controls, who underwent diffusion tensor imaging scans and formal neuropsychological assessment tests. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values of white matter tracts were derived from atlas‐based analysis to compare group differences. Furthermore, subgroup‐level analysis was performed to differentiate the effects of tumor location on white matter tracts. Partial correlation analysis was used to examine the associations between neurocognitive assessments and the integrity of tracts. Region of interest‐based network analysis was performed to validate the alteration of structural brain network in subjects with glioma. Results Compared with controls, subjects with glioma exhibited reduced FA values in the right uncinate fasciculus. Besides, subjects with glioma exhibited worse performance in several cognitive assessments. Partial correlation analysis indicated that the FA value in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus temporal part was significantly positively correlated with scores of visual–spatial abilities in subjects with glioma in the right temporal lobe ( r = .932, p = .002). Region of interest‐based network analysis revealed that subjects with glioma exhibited reduced FA, fiber length (FL), and fiber number (FN) between specific brain regions compared with controls. Conclusion The present study demonstrated the reduced integrity of white matter tracts and altered structural connectivity in brain networks in patients with glioma. Notably, white matter tracts in the right hemisphere might be vulnerable to the effects of a frontal or temporal lesion and might be associated with deficient cognitive function.

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Topological Organization in Glioma Patients Conclusion: Both FTumor and TTumor presented an intact global topology and altered regional topology related to cognitive impairment and may also share the convergent and divergent regional topological organization of WM structural networks. This suggested that a compensatory mechanism plays a key role in global topology formation in both FTumor and TTumor patients, and as such, development of a structural connectome for patients with brain tumors would be an invaluable medical resource and allow clinicians to make comprehensive preoperative planning.

Background: An early and correct diagnosis is crucial for treatment of unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD). The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) has been widely used in the study of neuropsychiatric diseases, as it can detect spontaneous brain activities. This study was conducted to survey changes of fALFF within various frequency bands of the UD and BD patients, as well as to explore the effects on changes in fALFF on cognitive function. Methods: In total, 58 drug-naive first-episode patients, including 32 UD and 26 BD, were enrolled in the study. The fALFF values were calculated under slow-5 band (0.01–0.027 Hz) and slow-4 band (0.027–0.073 Hz) among UD patients, BD patients, and healthy control (HC). Additionally, we conducted correlation analyses to examine the association between altered fALFF values and cognitive function. Results: Under the slow-5 band, compared to the HC group, the UD group showed increased fALFF values in the right cerebellum posterior lobe, whereas the BD group showed increased fALFF values in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Under the slow-4 band, in comparison to HC, the UD group showed increased fALFF values in the left superior temporal gyrus, whereas the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and BD group showed increased fALFF values in the bilateral postcentral gyrus. Notably, compared to BD, the UD group showed increased fALFF values in the right IPL under the slow-4 band. Furthermore, altered fALFF values in the left MTG and the right IPL were significantly positively correlated with Verbal Fluency Test scores. Conclusions: This current study indicated that there were changes in brain activities in the early UD and BD groups, and changes were related to executive function. The fALFF values can serve as potential biomarker to diagnose and differentiate UD and BD patients.

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