This paper considers the secrecy outage performance of a multiple-relay assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network over Nakagami-m fading channels. Two slots are utilized to transmit signals from the base station to destination. At the first slot, the base station broadcasts the superposition signal of the two users to all decode-and-forward relays by message mapping strategy. Then the selected relay transmits superposition signal to the two users via power-domain NOMA technology. Three relay selection (RS) schemes, i.e., optimal single relay selection (OSRS) scheme, two-step single relay selection (TSRS) scheme, and optimal dual relay selection (ODRS) scheme, are proposed and the secrecy outage performance are analyzed. As a benchmark, we also examine the secrecy outage performance of the NOMA systems with traditional multiple relays combining (TMRC) scheme in which all the relay that successfully decode signals from the source forward signals to the NOMA users with equal power. Considering the correlation between the secrecy capacity of two users and different secrecy requirement for two NOMA users, the closed-form expressions for the security outage probability (SOP) of the proposed OSRS, TSRS, and ODRS schemes along with the TMRC scheme are derived and validated via simulations. To get more insights, we also derive the closedform expressions for the asymptotic SOP for all the schemes with fixed and dynamic power allocations. Furthermore, the secrecy diversity order (SDO) of cooperative NOMA systems is obtained. The results demonstrate that our proposed schemes can significantly enhance the secrecy performance compared to the TMRC scheme and that all the RS schemes with fixed power allocation obtain zero SDO and the OSRS scheme with dynamic power allocation obtains the same SDO as TMRC.

For the first time, pure chitin fibers with relatively high strength, lustrous surface and circular cross section were spun directly from chitin solution dissolved in an NaOH-urea aqueous system with freezing. Subsequently, chitin nonwoven fabrics were constructed from the fresh wet fibers by hot pressing, and tested as wound dressings, showing excellent ability to accelerate healing, owing to the retainment of the intrinsic a-chitin structure.

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A method for electrochemical oxidative direct C(sp3)–H azolation under metal catalyst-free and external chemical oxidant-free conditions.

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