The Chinese government has attached great importance to environmental collaborative governance recently to cope with rising pollution problems. How to measure environmental collaborative governance degree is a key issue to evaluate the level and progress of the implementation of this great ambition. This paper designs an index system for measuring environmental collaborative governance degree, covering dimensions of government, corporation and the public. The entropy method is applied to measure the change of environmental governance capacity. The coupling coordination model is adapted to evaluate the environmental collaborative governance degree of government–corporation–public. Empirical analysis is conducted by using the panel data of 30 provinces of China for the years 2006–2015. The results are provided and discussed from various dimensions. Suggestions are put forward accordingly. This paper focuses on developing a method for measuring environmental collaborative governance degree and is meaningful for enlightening future research about the effect of collaboration on environmental governance.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infectious pneumonia pandemic highlights the importance of emergency management of public health emergencies (EMPHE). This paper addresses the challenge of building a knowledge system for EMPHE research that may contribute to understand the spatial and temporal characteristics of knowledge distribution, research status, cutting-edge research and development trends, and helps to identify promising research topics and guide research and practice of EMPHE. Based on the Web of Science, this paper retrieves 1467 articles about EMPHE published from 2010 to date. Then, based on high-frequency keywords, we use CiteSpace to analyze their knowledge co-occurrence network, clustering network and knowledge evolution. Furthermore, we summarize the features and gaps in EMPHE research, providing references for future research directions. Based on the above analysis, this work constructs a knowledge system about EMPHE research, providing a comprehensive visual summary of the existing research in the field of EMPHE, with the aim to guide future research and practice.

Environmental transparency issue has drawn increasing concern, and the related research has shown explosive growth. A comprehensive knowledge pedigree of environmental transparency can help understand the spatial and temporal distribution of themes, research categories, cutting-edge research topics and development trends of environmental transparency research, providing research opportunities for the future. Based on the: Social Science Citation Index database in the Web of Science, this article retrieves 930 papers with the theme of "environment transparency" in all years, and analyzes the its knowledge system via the software of CiteSpace. Keywords co-occurrence analysis function is applied to identify keywords and their occurrence frequency in environmental transparency literature, and a keyword co-occurrence network was generated on the basis of high-frequency keywords to explore the knowledge base in the field of environmental transparency research. Then, through co-citation analysis and cluster analysis, the high-frequency co-citation literature and four hot research paradigms of environmental transparency are identified to present the knowledge domain of its research. Next, the paper uses the time zone and strong citation burst analysis to detect the situation where the reference volume changed significantly during a certain period of time, in order to discover the decline or rise of a key keyword in the beginning, development, and cutting-edge period in environmental transparency research field, which contributes to unearth the knowledge evolution path of environmental transparency and reveal how researches related to environmental transparency have evolved over time. Finally, according to the knowledge base, knowledge domain, and knowledge evolution, a visual knowledge graph is constructed to provide a comprehensive review of existing research in the field of environmental transparency.

Visualization of biomolecules, cells, and tissues, as well as metabolic processes in vivo is significant for studying the associated biological activities. Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) holds potential among various imaging technologies thanks to its negligible background signal and deep tissue penetration in vivo. To achieve detection on the targets with high resolution and accuracy, requirements of high‐performance 19F MRI probes are demanding. An ideal 19F MRI probe is thought to have, first, fluorine tags with magnetically equivalent 19F nuclei, second, high fluorine content, third, adequate fluorine nuclei mobility, as well as excellent water solubility or dispersity, but not limited to. This review summarizes the research progresses of 19F MRI probes and mainly discusses the impacts of structures on in vitro and in vivo imaging performances. Additionally, the applications of 19F MRI probes in ions sensing, molecular structures analysis, cells tracking, and in vivo diagnosis of disease lesions are also covered in this article. From authors’ perspectives, this review is able to provide inspirations for relevant researchers on designing and synthesizing advanced 19F MRI probes.

Electronic products are being updated and replaced much faster and there is therefore an increasing growth in electronic waste (e-waste). In order to promote professional recycling of e-waste, the relevant government departments of China have published a series of policies. This paper aims to unearth the evolution tendency of the networked policies towards holistic governance of China’s e-waste recycling. Content analysis, quantitative text analysis and network analysis are applied to analyze relevant policy documents from 2001 to 2016. This paper illustrates evolution of policy themes, evolution of intergovernmental relationships, and evolution of policy relations. This study reveals policy intentions, maps policy progress, and unearths governance philosophy, providing an overall understanding of the policy ways by which the Chinese government has deployed its guiding strategies on professional recycling of e-waste. This paper illustrates how to approach holistic governance from perspective of networked policies, contributing to answering the central question of holistic governance about how to achieve it.

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Medical imaging contrast agents that are able to provide detailed biological information have attracted increasing attention.