Electronic products are being updated and replaced much faster and there is therefore an increasing growth in electronic waste (e-waste). In order to promote professional recycling of e-waste, the relevant government departments of China have published a series of policies. This paper aims to unearth the evolution tendency of the networked policies towards holistic governance of China’s e-waste recycling. Content analysis, quantitative text analysis and network analysis are applied to analyze relevant policy documents from 2001 to 2016. This paper illustrates evolution of policy themes, evolution of intergovernmental relationships, and evolution of policy relations. This study reveals policy intentions, maps policy progress, and unearths governance philosophy, providing an overall understanding of the policy ways by which the Chinese government has deployed its guiding strategies on professional recycling of e-waste. This paper illustrates how to approach holistic governance from perspective of networked policies, contributing to answering the central question of holistic governance about how to achieve it.
In recent years, the development of industrialization has led to heavy metal pollution in many agricultural areas in China. The excessive heavy metals in farmland not only affect the normal growth of crops, but also do great harm to human health, which seriously restricts the development of ecology and food health in China. In order to improve the problem of heavy metal pollution in rural areas, the current situation of heavy metal pollution in rural areas is analyzed based on the innovative ecological compensation mechanism for remediation, and the external theory, public goods theory and other relevant theories are combined to obtain the ecological compensation strategy for heavy metal farmland soil remediation, and on this basis, the basic framework of ecological compensation for metal farmland remediation is constructed. Finally, effective environmental treatment suggestions are put forward according to the development requirements of ecological compensation in heavy metal farmland areas. The case study shows that different ecological restoration schemes have been adopted for a heavy metal farmland pollution area, and the environment has been improved according to the ecological compensation scheme. The total amount of ecological compensation for heavy metal farmland is CNY 32.35 million, of which the cost of seriously polluted farmland is the highest among the environmental values, with the cost of restoration per acre of CNY 65,000, indicating that the heavy metal areas are more expensive and have more obvious impact on the environment. The research content has important reference significance for the ecological environment treatment of heavy metal farmland pollution areas in China.
With increasing demands of deterministic and real-time communication, network performance analysis is becoming an increasingly important research topic in safety-critical areas, such as aerospace, automotive electronics and so on. Time-triggered Ethernet (TTEthernet) is a novel hybrid network protocol based on the Ethernet standard; it is deterministic, synchronized and congestion-free. TTEthernet with a time-triggered mechanism meets the real-time and reliability requirements of safety-critical applications. Time-triggered (TT) messages perform strict periodic scheduling following the offline schedule tables. Different scheduling strategies have an effect on the performance of TTEthernet. In this paper, a performance analysis framework is designed to analyze the end-to-end delay, backlog bounds and resource utilization of network by real-time calculus. This method can be used as a base for the performance evaluation of TTEthernet scheduling. In addition, this study discusses the impacts of clock synchronization and traffic integration strategies on TT traffic in the network. Finally, a case study is presented to prove the feasibility of the performance analysis framework.
Abstract-Migrant labors have become an important source for China's national construction, also a necessary power participating in industrial restructuring which acts as the most urgent issue in China's economical development. In the presence of uncertainty in employment structural readjustment, structural unemployment will definitely be a difficult problem to tackle which raises a higher enquiry for migrant labors' employability. Therefore, vocational education for migrant labors has aroused great attention from all sectors of society. In this article, the author proposed a more targeted education mode for this group of special human resource, namely, order-oriented vocational education aiming to solve practical problems confronting migrant labors.
BP artificial neural network model is used to predict developing modern agriculture demands for the agricultural scientific research institutions services. Starting from the brief introduction of the usages of BP neural network, we analyzed the demand factors of the agricultural scientific research institutions services and the affective elements of the demands, use the BP neural network model to predict, and then run the BP neural network model on the MATLAB platform, and finally carry out the case studies of Heilongjiang Province.
BP Neural NetworkAmong many different types of artificial neural networks, the error back propagation algorithm -BP algorithm is the most widely used and popular model. BP algorithm, by definition, is calculated from backward to forward. Usually, it has a multi-layer neural network, and the BP network information flows from the input layer to the output layer. Therefore, it is a multi-layer forward neural network. The difference between BP neurons and other neurons is that the transfer function of BP neuron is nonlinear, and the most commonly used function is logsig function and tansig function. Some of the output layer is linear function-purelin with the output A = logsig (W • P + b). After determining the BP network structure, the network can be trained with the input and output sample sets, that is to learn and correct the network thresholds and weights, so that the network can achieve a given output mapping.
The basic idea of BP algorithmThe basic idea of BP algorithm is to assign the initial network weights and threshold, and calculate forward. And then, based on the error between the achieving results and the expected results, network weights and thresholds are modified repeatedly and reversely until the minimum error is achieved. See Figure 1 and 2.
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