It is acknowledged that environmental degradation, climate change and the atmosphere's temperature are increasing due to the emission of greenhouse gasses. Therefore, a speedy response is required to lessen the severe effects of greenhouse gases. The present study has analyzed the influence of electric consumption, fiscal development, globalization, and trade openness on carbon emission using the latest dataset and modern econometric techniques. To accomplish the said objectives, the study has employed Johansen cointegration, autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDK), and block exogeneity. The results specify that with the 1% increase in electric consumption, fiscal development, globalization and trade openness, the carbon dioxide emission increases by 0.01%, 0.04%, 0.68%, and 0.25%, respectively. Moreover, the results also indicated that the environmental Kuznets curve is prevailing in the Malaysian economy because an inverted U-shape connection occurs between carbon and GDP2. On the basis of data diagnostics, it is determined that the ARDL model is credible, stable, and reliable. Further, block exogeneity affirms the long-term affiliation among the factors and concludes that all the factors under analysis contribute to the environmental deterioration in the Malaysian economy. Therefore, the government may design an environmental or pollution tax policy to minimize carbon emissions.  Green energy should be produced and consumed as it is environmental friendly and helps to reduce temperature and atmospheric pollution.

Abstract Worldwide, nations spend much of their budget on health to develop human capital, labor productivity, and growth. In developed countries, life expectancy, natural birth, and numbers of health care centers are high, and the availability of doctors and the paramedical staff-to-patient ratio are also very high. Therefore, emerging economies are also trying to allocate more finance to their health sector. To achieve the objective, data were collected (1961 to 2019) and analyzed with the assistance of modern econometric techniques. The study finds that health indicators, paramedical staff, and public health expenditures are significantly playing their role in influencing economic growth. It is seen that a one percent increase in health expenditures, number of hospitals, health indicators, and paramedical persons, growth rate influenced by 0.006, 0.0053, 1.0521, and 0.0003%, respectively. Moreover, the diagnostic test shows that the model's parameters are credible, stable, and reliable in the current form. Furthermore, if the health expenses are employed in the health care facilities and the establishment of new health centers, it will positively contribute to the growth process. The study also suggests that hospital management should be in the hands of management personnel, not doctors because a doctor may be good at diagnosing but in management control, they have no capacity.

Recently, credit disbursement and fossil fuel utilization increased to enhance wheat production so peasants could benefit from the green revolution. To look at the impact of credit disbursement, fossil fuel utilization, and the determinants of the green revolution were arranged to investigate the association among them. For this purpose, the study employed the time series in the perspective of Pakistan, spanning 1971 to 2019. Modern econometrics techniques like Johansen cointegration, vector autoregressive and impulse response function were employed along with a number of diagnostics tests. Evidence of the Johansen model shows significant long-run cointegration among the green revolution, credit disbursement, fossil fuel, and total wheat production. The Johansen test elaborates that 1% increase in credit disbursement and fossil fuel increases the total wheat production by 0.57% and 0.04 % respectively. Moreover, the determinants of the green revolution also positively affect wheat production. While the coefficient, residual and stability diagnostic tests are in favor of the study. The findings of the impulse response function state that all the concerned variables positively affect the total wheat production in the coming years. The study suggested that the government and private sector should invest in research and development to introduce the organic chemical and forming to avoid soil fertility and environmental degradation.

Allocation of public revenue among productive and non-productive expenditure and its impact on GDP are not extensively studies in Pakistan. In this study, we examine the relationship between government revenue, productive and nonproductive expenditure and economic growth and sustainability over the period of 1978-2018 with the help of Johansen co-integration, error correction test and Impulse Response Function. The result of the study affirms a significant long run and the short run relationship between the fiscal instruments and the economic growth in Pakistan. Finally, impulse response illustrates that when direct tax is higher than GDP, productive and unproductive expenditures are also increased. It has also been observed some unproductive expenditures smooth the way for the economic growth. For the future better implication of fiscal policy and to achieve economic growth and development Government should take steps to increase its revenue through taxes. Tax collections can be increased by proper utilization of tax revenue and by educating people that tax is the responsibility not the penalty