(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) in PP declines faster (À46.5 ± 6.8 mm/yr) than the deep GWS in ECP (À16.9 ± 1.9 mm/yr). However, the shallow GWS in PP recovered more quickly especially during the 2008-2011 drought period. Despite its lower magnitude, the GRACE-derived GWS depletion in ECP reveals the overexploitation of deep GWS. This study demonstrated that the heterogeneous GWS variations can potentially be detected by GRACE at the subregional scale smaller than the typical GRACE footprint (200,000 km 2 ).

Regional evapotranspiration (ET) can be enhanced by human activities such as irrigation or reservoir impoundment. Here the potential of using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) terrestrial water storage data in water budget calculations to detect human‐induced ET change is investigated over the Haihe River basin of China. Comparison between GRACE‐based monthly ET estimate (2005–2012) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)‐modeled ET indicates that human‐induced ET due to intensive groundwater irrigation from March to May can only be detected by GRACE. GRACE‐based ET (521.7 ± 21.1 mm/yr), considerably higher than GLDAS ET (461.7 ± 29.8 mm/yr), agrees well with existing estimates found in the literature and indicates that human activities contribute to a 12% increase in ET. The double‐peak seasonal pattern of ET (in May and August) as reported in published studies is well reproduced by GRACE‐based ET estimate. This study highlights the unique capability of GRACE in detecting anthropogenic signals over regions with large groundwater consumption.

No abstract

N 6 -Methyladenosine (m 6 A) RNA modification brings a new dawn for RNA modification researches in recent years. This posttranscriptional RNA modification is dynamic and reversible, and is regulated by methylases (“writers”), demethylases (“erasers”), and proteins that preferentially recognize m 6 A modifications (“readers”). The change of RNA m 6 A modification regulates RNA metabolism in eucaryon, including translation, splicing, exporting, decay, and processing. Thereby the dysregulation of m 6 A may lead to tumorigenesis and progression. Given the tumorigenic role of abnormal m 6 A expression, m 6 A regulators may function as potential clinical therapeutic targets for cancers. In this review, we emphasize on the underlying mechanisms of m 6 A modifications in tumorigenesis and further introduce the potential m 6 A regulators-associated therapeutic targets for tumor therapy.

Generating sample paths of stochastic differential equations (SDE) using the Monte Carlo method finds wide applications in financial engineering. Discretization is a popular approximate approach to generating those paths: it is easy to implement but prone to simulation bias. This article presents a new simulation scheme to exactly generate samples for SDEs. The key observation is that the law of a general SDE can be decomposed into a product of the law of standard Brownian motion and the law of a doubly stochastic Poisson process. An acceptance-rejection algorithm is devised based on the combination of this decomposition and a localization technique. The numerical results corroborates that the mean-square error of the proposed method is in the order of O(t −1/2), which is superior to the conventional discretization schemes. Furthermore, the proposed method also can generate exact samples for SDE with boundaries which the discretization schemes usually find difficulty in dealing with.

The North China Plain (NCP) has been suffering from groundwater storage (GWS) depletion and land subsidence for a long period. This paper collects data on GWS changes and land subsidence from in situ groundwater-level measurements, literature, and satellite observations to provide an overview of the evolution of the aquifer system during 1971-2015 with a focus on the sub-regional variations. It is found that the GWS showed a prolonged declining rate of −17.8 ± 0.1 mm/yr during 1971-2015, with a negative correlation to groundwater abstraction before year~2000 and a positive correlation after~2000. Statistical correlations between subsidence rate and the GWS anomaly (GWSA), groundwater abstraction, and annual precipitation show that the land subsidence in three sub-regions (Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei) represents different temporal variations due to varying driver factors. Continuous drought caused intensive GWS depletion (−76.1 ± 6.5 mm/yr) and land subsidence in Beijing during 1999-2012. Negative correlations between total groundwater abstraction and land subsidence exhibited after the 1980s indicate that it may be questionable to infer subsidence from regional abstraction data. Instead, the GWSA generally provides a reliable correlation with subsidence. This study highlights the spatio-temporal variabilities of GWS depletion and land subsidence in the NCP under natural and anthropogenic impacts, and the importance of GWS changes for understanding land subsidence development.

No abstract

With the proliferation of Web services, service engineers demand good automatic service composition algorithms that not only synthesize the correct work plans from thousands of services but also satisfy the quality requirements of the users. Our observation is that conventional approaches suffer from serious limitations in scalability and accuracy when addressing both requirements simultaneously. We have designed and implemented a tool QSynth to use QoS objectives of service requests as the search directives. This approach effectively prunes the search space and significantly improves the accuracy of the search results. Evaluations show that, compared to the state of the art, QSynth achieves superior scalability and accuracy with respect to a large variety of composition scenarios. Our design of QSynth won the performance championship of Web Services Challenge 2009.