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With the proliferation of Web services, service engineers demand good automatic service composition algorithms that not only synthesize the correct work plans from thousands of services but also satisfy the quality requirements of the users. Our observation is that conventional approaches suffer from serious limitations in scalability and accuracy when addressing both requirements simultaneously. We have designed and implemented a tool QSynth to use QoS objectives of service requests as the search directives. This approach effectively prunes the search space and significantly improves the accuracy of the search results. Evaluations show that, compared to the state of the art, QSynth achieves superior scalability and accuracy with respect to a large variety of composition scenarios. Our design of QSynth won the performance championship of Web Services Challenge 2009.

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Each of the guides in the AEDG series provides recommendations and user-friendly design assistance to designers, developers, and owners of small commercial buildings that will encourage steady progress toward net-zero energy buildings. The guides provide prescriptive recommendation packages that are capable of reaching the energy savings target for each climate zone to ease the burden of the design and construction of energy-efficient small commercial buildingsThe AEDG-HL was developed in 7 months by an ASHRAE special project committee comprised of representatives of each of the partner organizations. This TSD describes the charge given to the committee in developing the highway lodging guide and outlines the schedule of the development effort. The project committee developed two prototype highway lodgings to represent the class of highway lodging buildings. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) then performed an energy simulation analysis to determine the energy efficiency necessary to meet the energy savings target. The simulation approach used by the project committee and PNNL is documented in this TSD, along with the characteristics of the prototype buildings (which were based on data from F.W. Dodge and the Energy Information Administration (EIA 2006)). The prototype buildings were simulated in the same climate zones used by the prevailing energy codes and standards to evaluate energy savings.Prescriptive packages of recommendations presented in the Guide by climate zone include enhanced envelope technologies, interior and exterior lighting technologies, heating, ventilation, and airconditioning (HVAC) and service water heating (SWH) technologies, and miscellaneous appliance technologies. The report also documents the modeling assumptions used in the simulations for both the baseline and advanced prototypical buildings. The authors would like to thank all the members of the project committee for their tremendous volunteering efforts and significant inputs to our energy analysis work during the development of the Advanced Energy Design Guide for Highway Lodging Buildings. Without the committee members' expertise in producing the energy efficiency recommendations covering envelop, lighting, HAVC systems, and service water heating systems, this document would not have been successful.Last, but not least, the authors would like to specially recognize Andrew Nicholls, the program manager overseeing the Commercial Building Integration Program at PNNL, for providing the thorough review of this document and for his support of this particular project. Finally, the authors greatly appreciate the assistance of Todd Taylor at PNNL. Todd constructed the cluster simulation structure in EnergyPlus, which allowed us to evaluate the many variations of energy efficiency technologies in a timely fashion to meet the project compressed schedule. Wei

Last, but not least, the authors would like to specially recognize Andrew Nicholls, the program manager overseeing the Commercial Building Integration Program at PNNL, for providing the thorough review of this document and for his support of this particular project. Finally, the authors greatly appreciate the assistance of Todd Taylor at PNNL. Todd constructed the cluster simulation structure in EnergyPlus, which allowed us to evaluate the many variations of energy efficiency technologies in a timely fashion to meet the project compressed schedule. Each of the guides in the AEDG series provides recommendations and user-friendly design assistance to designers, developers and owners of small commercial buildings that will encourage steady progress towards net-zero energy buildings. The guides provide prescriptive recommendation packages that are capable of reaching the energy savings target for each climate zone to ease the burden of the design and construction of energy-efficient small commercial buildings The AEDG-WH was developed in seven months by an ASHRAE special project committee (SP-114) made up of representatives of each of the partner organizations. This TSD describes the charge given to the committee in developing the warehouse guide and outlines the schedule of the development effort. The project committee developed two prototype warehouses (non-refrigerated warehouse and self-storage warehouse) to represent the class of small warehouses and performed an energy simulation scoping study to determine the preliminary levels of efficiency necessary to meet the energy savings target. The simulation approach used by the project committee is documented in this TSD, along with the characteristics of the prototype buildings (which were based on data from F.W. Dodge and the Energy Information Administration). The prototype buildings were simulated in the same climate zones used by the prevailing energy codes and standards to evaluate energy savings. Prescriptive packages of recommendations presented in the Guide by climate zone include enhanced envelope technologies, lighting and daylighting technologies, infiltration reduction, and heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) and service water heating (SWH) technologies. The report also documents the modeling assumptions used in the simulations for both the baseline and advanced buildings.

In the research of service composition, it demands efficient algorithms that not only retrieve correct service compositions automatically from thousands of services but also satisfy the quality requirements of different service users. However, most approaches treat these two aspects as two separate problems, automatic service composition and service selection. Although the latest researches realize the restriction of this separate view and some specific methods are proposed, they still suffer from serious limitations in scalability and accuracy when addressing both requirements simultaneously. In order to cope with these limitations and efficiently solve the combined problem which is known as QoS-aware or QoS-driven automatic service composition problem, we propose a new graph search problem, single-source optimal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), for the first time. This novel single-source optimal DAGs (SSOD) problem is similar to, but more general than the classical single-source shortest paths (SSSP) problem. In this paper, a new graph model of SSOD problem is proposed and a Sim-Dijkstra algorithm is presented to address the SSOD problem with the time complexity of O(n log n + m) (n and m are the number of nodes and edges in the graph respectively), and the proofs of its soundness. It is also directly applied to solve the QoS-aware automatic service composition problem, and a service composition tool named QSynth is implemented. Evaluations show that Sim-Dijkstra algorithm achieves superior scalability and efficiency with respect to a large variety of composition scenarios, even more efficient than our worklist algorithm that won the performance championship of Web Services Challenge 2009.

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