Technical Support Document: The Development of the Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Warehouse and Self-Storage Buildings

Liu, Bing; Jarnagin, Ronald E.; Jiang, Wei; Gowri, Krishnan

doi:10.2172/921429

Cited by 16 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…The HVAC cost data were generated by the RMH Group (2006), a mechanical design contractor who received price quotes on a range of HVAC system types and sizes. All other cost data, including maintenance costs, come from the RSMeans data set (Balboni 2008a;Balboni 2008b;Greene 2008;Mossman 2005;Plotner 2009;Waier 2008;Waier 2005), the PNNL AEDG TSDs Liu et al 2007), and other sources (Emmerich et al 2005;Roth et al 2005). The cost data sources and values are listed explicitly throughout Section 3.3 and Section 3.4.…”

Section: Costing Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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General Merchandise 50% Energy Savings Technical Support Document

Hale¹,

Leach²,

Hirsch³

et al. 2009

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We are indebted to a number of retailers and building industry professionals for taking the time to review our analysis assumptions and earlier versions of this report. Jim Kirk of A&P Grocery Stores, Kathy Loftus of Whole Foods, and Scott Williams of Target, all members of the Retailer Energy Alliance, commented on our prototype and energy design measure (EDM) model assumptions based on their companies' experiences and standard practices. Don Zerrip, Ben Butler, and H. J. Enck of CxGBS; Tim A. Speller of Speller Energy Consulting; and Thomas H. Phoenix of Moser Mayer Phoenix Associates reviewed an earlier draft of this report.We extend our thanks to our colleagues Larry Brackney and Kristin Field for conducting formal internal reviews of this document, and to Stefanie Woodward for editing assistance.Several other National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) colleagues provided valuable guidance and information during the modeling process, either directly or through their past work. Ian Doebber and Michael Deru contributed insights gained through their work with grocery store owners and retailers. Jennifer Scheib and Rob Guglielmetti provided electric lighting and daylighting EDM data. We would also like to thank Don Shirey of the Florida Solar Energy Commission, and Hugh Henderson of CDH Energy Corporation for responding to several specific questions; and Merle McBride acting on behalf of the ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Envelope Subcommittee for providing recent cost data for mass wall constructions.Tens of thousands of EnergyPlus simulations were run for this report. This would not have been possible without the support of the NREL High Performance Computing Center managed by Wesley Jones and Jim Albin.Finally, a number of our colleagues in the Commercial Buildings Group helped set up and run our analysis and results extraction routines. We would especially like to thank Dan Macumber, Nicholas Long, Eric Bonnema, and Kyle Benne for programming assistance; and Brent Griffith, Dan Macumber, Kyle Benne, Michael Deru, and Ian Doebber for sharing their computing resources.ii Executive SummaryThis Technical Support Document (TSD) was developed by the Commercial Buildings Group at NREL, under the direction of the DOE Building Technologies Program. It documents technical analysis and design guidance for general merchandise stores to achieve whole-building energy savings of at least 50% over ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004 and represents a step toward determining how to provide design guidance for aggressive energy savings targets.This report:• Documents the modeling and integrated analysis methods used to identify cost-effective sets of recommendations for different locations.• Demonstrates sets of recommendations that meet or exceed the 50% goal. There are 16 sets of recommendations, one for each climate zone location.• Establishes methodology for providing a family of solutions, as opposed to a single solution, that meet the 50% goal as a means of exploring the relative importance of specific design strategies.• Demonstrates the ...

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Section: Costing Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total supply fan static pressure drops are based on the 10-ton units modeled in Liu et al (2007) plus 50% more supply and return ductwork. Table 3-21 (see Table C-7 for metric units) summarizes the breakdown of the fan total static pressure for the baseline RTU.…”

Section: Fan Power Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Merchandise 50% Energy Savings Technical Support Document

Hale¹,

Leach²,

Hirsch³

et al. 2009

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“…Prototypical buildings were created, and then simulated in the eight climate zones covered in Standard 90.1-2004. The 30% AEDG series used 15 cities to represent the climate zones , Liu et al 2007, Pless et al 2007, Jiang et al 2008. This report uses 16 cities selected by DOE in establishing a new set of benchmark buildings.…”

Section: Evaluation Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the exterior roof layer in the baseline models is a gray EPDM, with solar reflectance of 0.23 and thermal emittance of 0.87. Following the AEDG series , Liu et al 2007, Jiang et al 2008, cool roof is included only in climate zones 1 through 3.…”

Section: Cool Roofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Support Document: 50% Energy Savings for Small Office Buildings

Thornton¹,

Wang²,

Huang³

et al. 2010

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Building Technologies (BT) Program. Buildings account for over 40% of total energy use and over 70% of electricity use in the United States (DOE 2009b). To reduce building energy usage, DOE, through its BT Program, established a strategic goal to "create technologies and design approaches that enable net-zero energy buildings (NZEB) at low incremental cost by 2025". Supporting DOE's goal directly, the project objective is to develop a package of energy efficiency measures (EEMs) that demonstrates the feasibility to achieve 50% energy savings for small office buildings with a simple payback of 5 years or less. The 50% goal is to reduce site energy usage relative to buildings that are built to just meet the minimum requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 (ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 2004) before using renewable energy.PNNL performed the research, analysis, and documentation, referred to as the Technical Support Document (TSD), with inputs from many other contributors and sources of information. An early draft version of the report was circulated to industry experts, practicioners, and another National Laboratory, for in-depth peer reviews. Appendix B documents the review comments and PNNL's responses. For use in this analysis, PNNL developed a prototypical 20,000 ft² (1,858 m 2 ) small office building model that just meets the requirements of Standard 90.1-2004. This is based on the small office prototype that PNNL developed for the 30% Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Office Buildings . PNNL used the state-of-art energy simulation program -EnergyPlus-to determine the energy savings provided by the package of EEMs. The prototype building is simulated in the same eight climate zones adopted by International Energy Code Council (IECC) and ASHRAE in development of the prevailing energy codes and standards. The climate zones are further divided into moist and dry regions, represented by 16 climate locations. The TSD provides the modeling parameters used in the simulations and the energy and cost-effectiveness results.The advanced EEMs include energy efficiency enhancements to the following building elements:• Exterior wall and roof insulation The TSD report shows that the recommended EEM package achieves a minimum of 50% energy savings in all 16 climate locations, and a national-weighted average energy savings of 56.6% over the United States. Cost-effectiveness analysis to implement the EEMs shows a weighted-average simple payback of 6.8 years. These results are summarized in the table below. In addition, this report provides results for an alternative EEM package substituting a variable air volume (VAV) heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. This alternative package achieves at least 50% energy savings in 7 of the16 climate locations, corresponding to a national-weighted average savings of 48.5%. The VAV EEM ii package has a national weighted-average simple payback of 8.6 years. Other packages of EEMs may also achieve 50% energy savings; this report does not consider all alternatives but ra...

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“…Earlier guides used 15 cities to represent the climate zones Liu et al 2006;Liu et al 2007;Pless et al 2007;Jiang et al 2008). This study uses 16 cities selected by DOE in establishing a new set of benchmark buildings.…”

Section: Evaluation Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Support Document: 50% Energy Savings Design Technology Packages for Highway Lodging Buildings

Jiang¹,

Gowri²,

Lane³

et al. 2009

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This Technical Support Document (TSD) describes the process, methodology and assumptions for development of the 50% Energy Savings Design Technology Packages for Highway Lodging Buildings.This design guidance document provides specific recommendations for achieving 50% energy savings in highway lodging properties over the energy-efficiency levels contained in ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 (ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 2004a). These 50% savings design packages represent a further significant step towards realization of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) net-zero energy building goal for new construction by the year 2025. DOE has previously supported the development of a series of 30% energy savings design guides, which were developed by a partnership of organizations, including the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), the United States Green Buildings Council (USGBC), as well as DOE 1 .This report provides recommendations and user-friendly design assistance to designers, developers, and owners of highway lodging properties and is intended to encourage steady progress towards net-zero energy performance in these buildings. The design package provides prescriptive recommendation packages that are capable of reaching the 50% energy savings target for each climate zone, thereby easing the burden of the design and construction of highway lodging with exemplary energy performance.To develop the set of energy efficiency measure recommendations that meet, or exceed, the 50% goal, we used a highway lodging prototype, adapted from previous work for achieving 30% savings in the Advanced Energy Design Guide for Highway Lodging Buildings (AEDG-HL), to represent this class of buildings.We created baseline models from the prototype that are minimally code-compliant with ASHRAE 90.1-2004, and advanced models based on the recommended energy-efficient technologies. To determine the energy savings at different climate locations, we performed EnergyPlus simulation analyses. The simulation approach used is documented in this TSD, along with the characteristics of the prototype and assumptions of the baseline and advanced models.Finally, we assessed the cost effectiveness of the energy-efficient technologies recommended in the design package using the simple payback period method.Prescriptive packages of recommendations presented in the design package by climate zone include enhanced envelope technologies, interior and exterior lighting technologies, heating, ventilating, and airconditioning (HVAC) and service water heating (SWH) technologies, and miscellaneous appliance technologies. Final energy efficiency recommendations for each climate zone are included, along with the results of the energy simulations indicating a national-weighted average energy savings over all buildings and climates of 55.5% in comparison with the Standard 90.1-2004 as baseline.A cost estimate of the re...

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Technical Support Document: The Development of the Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Warehouse and Self-Storage Buildings

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

General Merchandise 50% Energy Savings Technical Support Document

General Merchandise 50% Energy Savings Technical Support Document

Technical Support Document: 50% Energy Savings for Small Office Buildings

Technical Support Document: 50% Energy Savings Design Technology Packages for Highway Lodging Buildings

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