Field experiments were carried out during 2009 and 2010 seasons at three Field Crops Research Stations of (Ismaelia, Sids and New valley). Five different seeding rates were used i.e. 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 kg/fed and two row spacing i.e. , 30 and 60 cm. Split plot design in three replications are used. The results indicated that sowing at seeding rate of 35 kg/fed with 30 cm row spacing significantly increased all agronomic characters over all cuts and recorded 42.64 t/fed and 8.49 t/fed for total fresh and dry yield, and considered as the best recommended treatment to cowpea under New valley conditions. At Ismaelia conditions, the higher yield was obtained from sowing at seeding rate 45 kg /fed and row spacing of 30 and of 60 cm. Sowing at seeding rate 25 kg/fed with row spacing 30 cm was a perfect treatment for increasing yield. Over two cuts of Sids conditions sowing at seeding rate 30 kg /fed and row spacing 60 cm recorded the best result 15.63, 9.65 t/fed of fresh yield and 1.94, 1.04 t.fed-1 of dry yield for the first and second cuts. The results showed insignificant regression of total fresh yield related to the control was recorded R 2 = 0.2895, R 2 = 0.1888 and R 2 = 0.5822 for New Valley, Ismaelia and Sids, respectively. Chemical composition recorded means of 26.3% soluble carbohydrate, 17.4% crude protein, 21.8% crude fiber and 13.0% ash. Increasing in seeding rates amplified the competition among plants for environmental factors.

The study was conducted on three wild species found in the north coast (Porg El Arab) area in Egypt and belong to the genus ((Trifolium). The wild species are: T.esupinatum, T. fragiferum and T. repens,A comparative study was performed on the three wild Trifolium species and the cultivated one; Trifolium alexandrinum.. The study focused on the micro and macro morphological characters of leaves and seeds, the quality components, in addition to micro-elements. The research aimed to discriminate the genus Trifolium using morphological characteristics and surface properties of the leaflet and the seed using scanning electron microscope and anatomical characteristics to be used as criteria and divisional signs to identify those species in the future.Morever, the aim of this study was to document this wild species in the Egyptian flora and to study the possibility to cultivate them as a fodder plants.Assessment of the three wild species in terms of forage quality values was compared with Egyptian clover (T. alexandrinum). The study showed that the wild species have a high content of protein, carbohydrate and crude fiber and ash, as well as the content of elements (N.P.K).The study recommended the possibilities of sowing the wild Trifolium species (alone or intercropping with other forage legumes and grasses) in new broad pasture areas to increase the animal resources in Egypt.

A field experiment was in Sahl El-Tina site, North Sinai Governorate, during the two successive seasons (2015/16 and 2016/17) to study the of applying some soil amendments (sulphur (S) (0.5 Mg fed-1), gypsum (G) (2 Mg fed-1), compost (C) (5 Mg fed-1) and their combinations, (S+G), (G+C), (S+C) and (S + G and C), comparing with control) in salt affected soil on soil properties, forage yield and quality of fodder beet variety, A randomized complete block design with three replications was applied.Application of soil amendments weresignificantly edsoil EC values in case of the first and second growing seasons. Whereas, the soil pH was significantly decreased by applying all amendments compared to control. The concentrations of N, P and K in fodder plants illustrate a relative increase by decreasing soil salinity as a result of was adding different amendments.The results showed that soil amendment application increased top and root fresh yield, dry matter yield, crude protein content, root length and diameter, while values of Nutrient Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) Generally fodder beet top had higher contents of crude protein, crude fiber and ash than roots and the reverse was true for organic matter and nitrogen free extract contents. The percentage of Total Digestive Nutrients percentage (TDN), Relative Feeding Value (RFV) and Relative Forage Quality (RFQ) overall the studied treatments had a prime performance as a superior intake.