Four browse tree foliages (Cassia fistula, Schinus molle, Chorisia speciosa and Eucalyptus camaldulensis), native to the semi-arid region of north Egypt, were harvested during the dry season and evaluated for nutritional quality by determination of levels of nutrient and secondary compounds, as well as feed intake and apparent digestibility in sheep and goats. The study consisted of four experiments conducted in sequential 28-day periods that were the same in all respects, except that a different foliage was evaluated in each experiment which used six adult male Rhmani sheep (35 ± 2.3 kg body weight (BW) at the start of the study) and six crossbred goats (30 ± 1.56 kg BW). Sheep and goats were randomly divided into two groups of three and offered foliage at a level equal to 1.3 of the previous days voluntary intake of fresh matter and a commercial concentrate, with or without 10 g/animal/d of PEG, at 10 g/kg of BW to meet 0.7 of maintenance metabolizable energy requirements. Foliage crude protein (CP) content ranged from 124 (S. molle) and 128 (C. speciosa) to 185 g/kg DM (C. fistula). Ether extract was highest (97 g/kg) in S. molle. C. fistula had the lowest neutral detergent fiber

Extreme variation in the reported incidence of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) disturbances suggests that neurosensory disturbances after orthognathic surgery have not been evaluated adequately. Here we review the reported incidence of IAN injury after orthognathic surgery and assess recently reported methods for evaluating sensory disturbances. A search was conducted of the English-language scientific literature published between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2013 using the Limo KU Leuven search platform. Information on various aspects of assessing IAN injury was extracted from 61 reports. In 16 reports (26%), the incidence of injury was not indicated. Preoperative IAN status was not assessed in 22 reports (36%). The IAN assessor was described in detail in 21 reports (34%), while information on the training of the assessors was mentioned in only two reports (3%). Subjective evaluation was the most common method for assessing neurosensory deficit. We conclude that the observed wide variation in the reported incidence of IAN injury is due to a lack of standardized assessment procedures and reporting. Thus, an international consensus meeting on this subject is needed in order to establish a standard-of-care method.

No abstract

No abstract