Two field experiments were conducted in Galbana village, North Sinai Governorate during two winter seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/ 2013, to evaluate the environmental effect of mineral nitrogen fertilizer rate, compost and bio-fertilizer on some soil properties and sugar beet productivity under newly reclaimed saline soil. The seeds of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) variety Loil were inoculated with Rhizobium radiobacter strain (salt tolerant PGPR). Results indicated that the soil pH was not significant as affected by bio-fertilizer or compost alone or in combination with different rates of mineral nitrogen fertilizer. The soil salinity decreased with increasing rate of mineral nitrogen combined with bio-fertilizer or compost. The relative increases of soil available N content in soil due to mineral nitrogen fertilizer; compost and biofertilizer after sugar beet cultivation, followed the descending order: bio-fertilizer> compost > mineral N as compared with initial soil for available N content. The relative increases in both P and K followed the descending order: compost > bio-fertilizer > mineral N fertilizer as compared with soil initial contents of P and K. The available micronutrients ie Fe, Mn, and Zn in soil were not significantly affected by the different fertilization treatments in both the first and second seasons. Also, available Fe was not significantly affected with rate of the used fertilizers whereas the effects of different rates on the available contents of both Mn and Zn were significant in the second season, however in the first one such rates were of significant effect of Zn only. The interactions among bio-fertilizer, compost and mineral nitrogen rates were of significant effects on Mn content in soil in both seasons whereas such an effect was significant on Fe in both seasons and Mn in the first one. The highest mean values of fresh and dry root yield, sugar yield, total soluble solids (TSS), purity and sucrose were achieved due to treating soil with bio-fertilizer together with the mineral nitrogen fertilizer. The highest values of N (1.14 %) concentration in root was observed at soil treated with compost plus 100 kg mineral N fertilizer, while the maximum values of P and K concentration (0.28 % for P and 1.29 % for K) was observed as affected by bio-fertilizer plus 100 kg mineral N, respectively. On the other hand, the effect of all treatments tested on Fe, Mn and Zn concentration in root of sugar beet was non significant. As a conclusion, bio-fertilizer and compost application in sugar beet could increase characteristics of sugar beet root and reduced consumption of mineral nitrogen fertilizer and successfully reduced the hazard effect of soil salinity condition.
There is a great need for intensifying agricultural production in Egypt. In this respect, an attempt was done to determine the effects of plant extracts from some agricultural residues such as rice straw, Bagasse, and soybean meal when applied with or without nitrogen mineral fertilizers on growth parameters, chemical components and yield of wheat and barley plants. Two experiments (pot and field) were carried out at Giza, Agricultural Research Station, during winter season of 2010/2011. Results of pot experiment confirmed that the growth parameters of wheat plants affected by applied of aqueous agricultural residues extracts such as shoot length and dry weight compared to control treatment (treated with recommended dose of mineral fertilizer only). The field experiment demonstrated that among the extracts tested, 100% rice straw extract follows by 50% bagasse with 50% nitrogen mineral fertilizer were highly effective on yield relative to mineral fertilizer only as a control. Regarding to the chemical and biochemical parameters, the highest values of nitrogen and potassium% were recorded in treatment of 25% soyabean meal extract with 75% nitrogen compared to control. Phosphorus content showed increasing at 25% mixture of different extract with 75% nitrogen mineral fertilizer treatment. The highest value of crude protein was observed at treatment of 25% soyabean meal extract with 75% nitrogen mineral fertilizer followed by 25% rice straw extract with 75% nitrogen mineral fertilizer compared to control. The highest value of total carbohydrate was observed in treatment of 100% bagasse extract, followed by 100% mixture of different extract treatment then 50% rice straw extract with 50% nitrogen mineral fertilizer compared to control, respectively. The highest value of Indole acetic acid (IAA) was recorded in treatment of 100% rice straw extract. For gibberellic acid, the highest value was recorded in treatment of 100% soybean. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that, some extracts can be used for reducing the dose of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the high cost of buying inorganic fertilizers, and thus reduce pollution resulting from the extra-use of these fertilizers and also reduce the cost of agricultural production. However, more studies are needed to determine the exact mechanism(s) that lead to realize improvements.
Egypt has crisis of water and a special after the construction of the Nahda Dam.So, finding other sources release clean water for use in other sectors special wastewater. This research was conducted on the El-Mohate drain (Marioteya Canal) west of Cairo, to determine the differences temporal and spatial persistent organic, non-organic and microbial population during the whole year. Samples were taken from different locations along the waterway under study, as well as some samples of plant and soil (surface layer) and sediment have been sampling to determine the status of pollution along the drain. The obtained results revealed that El-Mohate drain EC ranged between 0.53 and 5.26 dS/m in winter season, while it reached 1.26-6.72 dS/m in dry season. Ammonia concentration values ranged between 0.93-46.2 mg/l in the wet season and 2.2-21.32 mg / l in dry season. While, nitrates reached concentration of 0.18-26.6 and 0.73-23.52 mg / l in both wet and dry seasons, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, cobalt, boron, chromium, nickel, cadmium, lead) were less than the limits. As for persistent organic pollutants (Aromatic hydrocarbons) have given the highest concentrations during the wet season compared to that phenols has given the highest concentration during the dry season. Total coliform bacteria counted higher numbers in summer season than wet season and numbers were higher than WHO guidlie specially in locations 9 to 20. Also, data cleared that, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella numbers were increased in summer season than winter season. Total and suspended solids, chemical and biological oxygen demand were significant higher values in summer season than the winter season in El-Mohat drain water. Different selected sites showed less concentration in the content of heavy metals were less than the allowable limits increase the concentration of phenol in the dry season than in wet season on the reverse hydrocarbons has been focused in the wet season higher than the dry season. The results indicated that phenol content of plants during wet and dry season was in order of the plants as follows: draw> zeamaize> zucchini >pepper. The concentration of hydrocarbon was the focus as follows: zeamaize
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