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The study was conducted on three wild species found in the north coast (Porg El Arab) area in Egypt and belong to the genus ((Trifolium). The wild species are: T.esupinatum, T. fragiferum and T. repens,A comparative study was performed on the three wild Trifolium species and the cultivated one; Trifolium alexandrinum.. The study focused on the micro and macro morphological characters of leaves and seeds, the quality components, in addition to micro-elements. The research aimed to discriminate the genus Trifolium using morphological characteristics and surface properties of the leaflet and the seed using scanning electron microscope and anatomical characteristics to be used as criteria and divisional signs to identify those species in the future.Morever, the aim of this study was to document this wild species in the Egyptian flora and to study the possibility to cultivate them as a fodder plants.Assessment of the three wild species in terms of forage quality values was compared with Egyptian clover (T. alexandrinum). The study showed that the wild species have a high content of protein, carbohydrate and crude fiber and ash, as well as the content of elements (N.P.K).The study recommended the possibilities of sowing the wild Trifolium species (alone or intercropping with other forage legumes and grasses) in new broad pasture areas to increase the animal resources in Egypt.

Morphological variations of leaf characters of eight species of the tribe Phaseoleae belonging to three genera namely; Macroptilium, Phaseolus and Vigna were studied by macromorphological leaf characters and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on both leaf surface. SEM clarified that there are seven sculptural patterns namely; unoulate, ruminate, reticulate, rugose, reticulate-rugulose, rugosetuberculate and sulcate -rugose. Based on leaf morphology and scanning electron microscopy on leaf surfaces, an artificial key was structured to distinguish the studied taxa.

This study was performed on three species of the genus Oenothera in Egypt. These species are; O. biennis, O. drummondii and O. speciosa. The aim of this study was to distinguish the similarity and dissimilarity between these species. This study includes a number of taxonomic evidences and characters to establish the relationships among the above mentioned species. These characters were; 1) the morphological descriptions of the whole plants representing these species, 2) morphological descriptions and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) survey on the leaf, pollen grain and seed surfaces of the studied species. .Then proposed keys were designed.

The present study was performed on three species of the genus Cynara L.in Egypt. These species are; C. cardunculus L., C. cornigera Lindley (= C. sibthorpiana Boiss. & Heldr.) and C. scolymus L. (syn. C. cardunculus var. scolymus) .The aim of this study was to distinguish the similarity and dissimilarity among these species. To achieve this, a number of taxonomic evidences reflect the relationships among these species were considerd. These evidences were; the morphological description of the whole plant, macro and micromorphological description survey on the leaf and seed surfaces of the studied species. Then two proposed botanical keys were designed.