IntroductionHorticulture is concerned with plants that are used by people for food, either as edible products or for culinary ingredients, for medicinal use, or for ornamental and aesthetic purposes. They are a genetically very diverse group and play a major role in modern society's end economy. They are important components of traditional food, but are also central to healthy diets of modern urban populations (

In Turkey, almonds are grown via the following three methods: organic (O), conventional (C) and good agricultural practice (GAP). Almond seeds are mostly consumed as nuts; thus, the researchers have focused different analyses on only seeds. However, in Turkey, unripe green almond hulls are also consumed. Therefore, we studied the contents of some bioactive components, pigments, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activities of O, C, and GAP 'Ferradual' (Frd) and 'Ferragnes' (Frg) almond hull extracts. The highest total ascorbic acid content was found in O Frd (2.1 mg/g fresh weight [FW]) and GAP Frg (2.0 mg/g FW). The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in all the genotypes ranged from 19.2 and 43.9 mg/g FW and 3.2 and 20.2 mg/g FW, respectively. In general, the antioxidant activity of C Frg and C Frd was low. C Frg had the highest MDA content (8.53 µmol MDA/g FW), whereas O Frg had the lowest MDA content (0.89 µmol MDA/g FW). The samples had varying ratios of chlorophyll a and b. The O samples had more total carotenoid content than the C samples. The antibacterial activity was only observed in the O and GAP Frd extracts. The antifungal activity could not be detected in any of the extracts of samples. Varying antimutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 strain and content of some phenolics were observed depending on the variety, growing conditions, and dose.

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Abdullah Erdo gan Apricot Researh Institue, As xa gıba glar Mah. _ Ismetpas xa Cad. No: 163, Yes xilyurt, Malatya 44250, Turkey Additional index words. Prunus armeniaca, fruit breeding, late ripening, fruit quality 'Eylul' is the most recent apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivar bred in the Multi-Purpose Apricot Breeding Program of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey, and released for propagation in 2017. 'Eylul' means September in Turkish which addresses its late ripening characteristics.The cultivar is selfcompatible and capable of setting full crops without the presence of other cultivars. Besides, it successfully adapts Malatya, the main apricot production area in the world. 'Eylul' fruit ripen late, with a fruit development period of 149 d, and are suitable for fresh consumption with good fruit quality and productivity. Fruit are oblong shaped and are pleasant dull gold-yellow in skin color with red blush covering 5% to 10% of the fruit skin. From adequately thinned trees, growers can expect 30-35 g fruit that are juicy and having more than 17% soluble solid content and moderate acidity.

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Türkiye coğrafik yapısı, iklimsel özellikleri ve konumundan ötürü çok zengin bir bitki örtüsüne sahiptir. Bu bitki çeşitliliğinin içerisinde çok sayıda tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiyi de barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ülkemizin Kuzey Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde yer alan Ardahan ilinde yetişen, halk arasındaki adlarıyla kımı (Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.), madımak, (Polygonum cognatum Meissn.), evelik (Rumex crispus L.), aslan pençesi (Allcemilla sericata Rchb.) ve çuha (Primula veris L.) bitkilerinin bazı biyoaktif bileşen içerikleri ve antioksidan özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Bitkilerin yaprak örnekleri Mayıs ayında toplanarak laboratuvara getirilmiş ve taze örneklerle hazırlanan ekstraktlarla analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada toplam fenolik madde ve toplam flavanoid madde içeriği ile 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) (% 91,9), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (% 58.9) ve Demir(III) iyonu indirgeyici antioksidan gücü (FRAP) (770,8 µmol Fe II/g) metodlarına göre antioksidan aktivitesi en yüksek olan bitkinin Allcemilla sericata Rchb. olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitki türlerinin toplam askorbik asit içeriklerinin 118,5 ile 387,7 mg/100g değerleri arasında olduğu ve en yüksek değerin Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) bitkisinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

In this study, phylogenetic analysis of some Turkish Prunus armeniaca L. genotypes was conducted based on RAPD-PCR, ISSR-PCR, and chloroplast DNA (trnL-F) sequence analyses. Prunus armeniaca genotypes were obtained from Malatya province, and brought to the laboratory for genomic DNA isolation. Eleven RAPD and fifteen ISSR primers were used to determine molecular characterization of Prunus armeniaca genotypes. For the amplification of the trnL-F region, trne and trnf primers were used in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of 46 and 95 bands were obtained with RAPD and ISSR analysis, respectively. The trnL-F sequences varied from 398 to 403 nucleotides. Average nucleotide composition of trnL-F sequences was 31.0% T, 14.4% C, 37.4% A and 17.2% G. The genetic distance between the five apricot genotypes is 0.00. A maximum likelihood tree was generated to determine genetic relationships among Prunus armeniaca genotypes. Analysis of Prunus armeniaca genotypes based on RAPD, ISSR, and trnL-F sequences revealed that the rate of polymorphism obtained using RAPD and ISSR were higher than those obtained through the trnL-F sequences.