Agrimonia pilosa Ldb., a herbaceous plant, has been used in Chinese medicines as anti-haemorrhagic, anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of A. pilosa was first reported. The cp genome is 155,188 bp in length, with two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,965 bp, the large single copy (LSC) region of 84,521 bp and the small single copy (SSC) region of 18,737 bp. A total of 129 genes were predicted, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that A. pilosa is more closely related to Sanguisorba filiformis with strong bootstrap values belonging to the subfamily Rosoideae.
Althaea rosea is a medicinal plant traditionally used in anti-inflammation. In this study, we characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of A. rosea to investigate its phylogenetic relationship. The cp genome of A. rosea was 160,189 bp in length with 37.0% overall GC content, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 88,046 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 21,055 bp, which were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,544 bp. The cp genome contained 128 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole cp genome sequences showed that A. rosea is closest to A. officinalis, and Althaea had a close relationship with Gossypium in Malvaceae.
The first complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Polygonatum ordoratum has been reported in this study. The cp genome was 154,468 bp in length, containing a large single copy-region (LSC) of 83,417 bp, a small single copy-region (SSC) of 18,457 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 26,297 bp, with an overall GC content of 37.76%. The cp genome contained 131 genes, including 85 proteincoding genes, 38 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that P. odoratum was classified into a monophyletic group within the genus Polygonatum of Asphodelaceae.
Polygonati Rhizoma (Huangjing) is traditional medicine in China, which can only be used as medicine after being processed. However, there is a limited theoretical basis for analyzing the changes in chemical components after traditional processing. In this study, analytical techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, highperformance gel permeation chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection, and HPLC-diode array detection were proposed to perform multiple fingerprint analyses of the changes in the processed materials; the total sugar was also determined.Moreover, the chemometric studies, including hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis, were used to visualize the discrimination of raw and processed materials. The results revealed that the chemical constituents had been profoundly changed following sample processing. In conclusion, these methods could be successfully used to compare raw and processed materials of Polygonatum kingianum, which could be used to elaborate the rationality of processing from the perspective of chemical composition.
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