In this study, we investigated the Polyurethane paint based on palm oil with the addition of nanoparticles montmorillonite as a heat-resistant. The composites with 1 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt% of bentonite filler content obtained by synthesizing in situ were investigated and compared to the neat polyurethane matrix material. The processing of bentonite for montmorillonite was done through several stages including: sedimentation, ultrasonication, dried, sieved with a 200 mesh sieve, then characterized. Untreated MMT were isolated and modified with CTAB. The addition of MMT into polyurethane, as much as 5% wt, can increase the heat as evidenced by the TGA test. The TGA results indicated an enhanced thermal stability, as compared to the neat polyurethane. The onset degradation of neat polyurethane and weight reduction began at a temperature of 50-150°C and completely decomposed at the temperatures of 380°C and for PU MKS-MMT reduction, the initial weight started at a temperature of 150-200°C in 5 %wt and decomposed in the end at a temperature of 490°C. In this research, we also tested the gloss adhesive polyurethane with the addition of MMT; the result stated that the addition of 5%wt MMT can improve the adhesion of polyurethane. The addition of MMT in polyurethane can also enhance the gloss polyurethane compared with polyurethane coated without the addition of MMT.
The purpose of this research overall is the manufacture of polyurethane nanocomposite from castor oil with the addition of montmorillonite nanoparticles as coating material. This study consists of several stages, the manufacture of montmorillonite nanoparticles (MMT), the process of forming polyols from castor oil by epoxidation and hydroxylation reactions with catalysts. The manufacture of polyurethanes (PU) by reacting polyols from castor oil and organic montmorillonite nanoparticles was then characterized and applied to polyurethane nanocomposites as coating materials. Organic montmorillonite nanoparticles are made by an intercalation process with cetyl trimetyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Polyurethane nanocomposite was prepared by adding organic montmorillonite nanoparticles in polyols before being mixed with toluene diisocyanate. The effectiveness of polyurethane nanocomposites as heat-resistant coatings was determined by thermal properties with thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) equipment, then the adhesive strength was tested and the morphological properties of the material coating. The manufacture of polyurethane nanocomposite from castor oil as a film coating is applied to material and characterization.
This study reported the reduction of metal Hg(II) from water using natural kaolinite (NK) based adsorbents compared with modified kaolinite adsorbents with Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide anionic surfactants using ultrasonic technology (SMK). These adsorbent samples were characterized using several different techniques such as FTIR, X-RD and AAS analysis. The adsorption capacity is influenced by variables such as the contact time and adsorben dosage. The results of the analysis reported that the maximum waste reduction efficiency occurs in modified kaolin (SMK), where adsorption occurs faster than natural kaolin (NK). The maximum persentation is 94.57% for metal removal efficiency using modified kaolin at the contact time of 45 minutes and the dose of adsobene 1.4 g, while kaolin without modification is 73.83% of efficiency at the contact time of 60 minutes the adsobent dose was 1.4 g. The use of the adsorption method with the help of ultrasonic technology is proven to be more efficient in accelerating the removal of Hg2+ ions by increasing the surface dispersion of the adsorbent with metal ions in water. The adsorption kinetics model that is suitable for calculating the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent in the removal of Hg2+ ions using unmodified kaolin is pseudo-second-order models.
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